1 英语长难句结构分析 ( 含 2019 年高考全国 1-3 卷长难句 ) 英语中句子最基本的句式只有五种， 其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式转换而来。五种基本句式如下：1 主语＋谓语 (不及物动词 )2 主语＋谓语 (及物动词 )＋宾语3 主语＋系动词＋表语4 主语＋谓语 (及物动词 )＋间接宾语＋直接宾语5 主语＋谓语 (及物动词 )＋宾语＋宾语补足语此外还有特殊句式如there be-, 强调句，倒装句等。但是在真实的语言环境中，句子结构远非这么简单。复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂介词短语， 还有各种复杂的定语和状语等修饰成分让句子变得异常复杂。高考阅读理解、 完型填空和语法填空经常出现结构复杂的长难句，影响考生对语篇文段的理解。另外，新高考将包括两个写作题：读后续写(概要写作 )和应用文写作。在评分标准中把 “尽力使用较复杂语法结构”视为是否得高分的标准之一。因此，学会分析长难句显得格外重要。一个句子之所以成为长难句， 就是因为句子各部分成分和结构复杂，具体说就是句中出现了复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂修饰语(介词短语、非谓语动词、定语和状语 )以及各种从句等。下面分类解析：一、复杂主语包括下列情形：含有连词如and, both...and..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also), as well as；非谓语动词做主语；主语从句充当主语；同位语结构做主语等。如：Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage (从事 ) in dangerous and risky behavior.”(2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解 D) (as well as 连接 those who...与those least liked ...做主语 ) 2 The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony(痛苦 ) of dying can make nobody happy. (动词不定式 to do 结构做主语 )Connecting to the community （社区） as you freely give your time, money, skills, or servicesprovides a real joy. (2019 高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B) (-ing 形式做主语 )Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist...
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