被动语态考点例析湖南岳阳 王成武一. 考查要点：主要考查一般现在时，一般过去时以及一般现在时带有情态动词的被动语态的用法。例如：1. Today Chinese by more and more people around the world.A. was spoken B. is spoken C. spoke D. speak（2006 北京市大纲卷） 2. —What should we do first if we want to develop our village？—A lot of new roads ，I think.A. have to build B. must build C. have built D. must be built （2006 湖北黄冈） （Key：1. B 2. D）简析：被动语态的句子是由“助动词 be＋动词的过去分词”这一形式构成的。过去分词永远不变，所有的变化即人称、数、时态的变化，都体现在助动词 be 的变化上。二. 特殊情况：（一）在没有必要指出动作的执行者时，“by＋动作的执行者”可以省略。1. I won’t leave my office until my work .A. finish B. will finish C. are finished D. is finished（2006 江苏南通） 简析：D。动作的执行者很明确，可以省略。（二）不知道动作的执行者是谁，使用被动语态比较适宜。2. Dad, the phone is ringing. I guess either you or Mum on the phone.A. is wanted B. are wanted C. wants D. want（2006 江苏宿迁） 简析：A。不清楚动作的执行者，用被动语态。（三）用于被动语态的短语动词不可丢掉动词后面的介词或副词。3. Students can’t take magazines out of the reading-room. （改为被动语态）Magazines can’t the reading-room by students.（2006 重庆市） 简析：填 be taken out of。take out of 为短语动词，变为被动语态后，不要漏掉 out of。（四）带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，常有两种方法：把主动语态的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前通常加介词 to 或 for；或把主动语态的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语不变。4. My uncle sent me a Christmas present last year.（改为被动语态）A Christmas present to me by my uncle last year.（2006 重庆市） 简析：填 was sent。三. 补充说明：（一）一般将来时的被动语态1. The village is building a school. I hope it before August this year.A. finishes B. will finish C. is finished D. will be finished（2006 江西省大纲卷） 简析：D。一般将来时的被动语态结构为：will/shall＋be＋及物动词的过去分词。（二）现在完成时的被动语态2. China’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang Goodwill Ambassadors（亲善大使）for Shanghai.A. has been named B. have been named C. has named D. have named（2006 江苏徐州） 简析：B。现在完成时的被动语态的结构为：have/has been＋及物动词的过去分词。
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