初中英语总复习知识点归纳一、冠词（一）a/an的用法a用于辅音音素前ausefulbook,auniversity,a“u”Onceaweekhaveaswim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/resthaveacold/headache/fever/coughhaveagoodtimehaveatryinahurryafterawhilekeepadiarygoforawalkinaminuteinawordinashortwhilean则用于元音音素前anhour,anhonestboy,an“AEFHILMNORSX”keepaneyeon（二）定冠词the的用法：1）特指双方都明白的人或物：Givemethebook.2）上文提到过的人或事：---Doyouknowtheladyinblue?–Yes,sheisateacherofauniversity.3）指世上独一物二的事物thesun(sky/moon/earth/world/nature/universe)4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：thedollar美元;Thelionisawildanimal.或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：therich/poor/blind/aged/living/impossible5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very,same等前面：Iliveonthesecondfloor.6）用在表示身体部位的名词前：Shecaughtmebythearm.7）用在表示乐器和表方位的名词之前：Sheplaysthepiano\violin\guitarinthenorthofChina8）用在普通名词构成专有名词前：thePeople'sRepublicofChinatheUnitedStatestheGreatWalltheSummerPalace9)用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：theGreensareplayingthepiano.10)intheday,inthemorning(afternoon，evening),inthemiddle(of),intheend,allthetimeatthesametimeonthewhole,bytheway,gotothecinemaatheageofsixatthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcenturyontheothersideofatthemomentthedayaftertomorrowthedaybeforeyesterday,thenextmorning,inthesky(water，field，country)inthedark,intherain,（三）不用定冠词的情况1)国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：China,Europe欧洲LeiFeng雷锋2）物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败乃成功之母。3）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；Children’sDayMother’sDayFather’sDay4）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词；Heiscaptainoftheteam.5）在三餐、四季，球类运动、学科、娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词如：havebreakfast/supper/lunch，playbasketball/football/volleyball/chess,inspring/summer/autumn/winter6）当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；bybus/train/taxi/bus/ship7DayandnightfacetofacesidebysidestepbystepwatchTVatschool/work/homeatfirst/lastindangerintroubleonfootondutyonwatchinbedontimeintimegotoschoolgotoworkbytaxi/bikeatnoonatnightonTVattown（四）部分词组有无冠词的区别inhospital生病住院inthehospital在医院里infrontof在---的前面inthefrontof在----内部的前面gotoschool上学gototheschool到学校去anumberof=alotof许多，谓语动词用复数。Thenumberof----的数目，----的总数，谓语动词用单数（第三人称单数）二、名词：专有名词和普通名词（个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词）（一）可数名词的单数变复数①一般情况加s②以s,xshch,等结尾的词加-esbus-buseswatch-watches③以o结尾的名词，无生命的加s，如：photo---photospiano---pianos有生命的es，如：potato--potatoestomato--tomatoes均可，如：zero---zeros/zeroes④以f或fe结尾的名词，去f,fe加ves，如：half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves（加s，如：belief---beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfs；）⑤以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i，再加esbaby---babies⑥不规则：a.单复数形式一样。Sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese.People,police,scissors,trousersb.其他的。foot—feettooth---teethchild—childrenmouse---miceman---menwoman---womenbusinessman---businessmenGerman---Germanswomendoctors（二）集体名词:People,police,(一般表示一个整体，谓用复数)class,family,glasses（三）不可数名词：常见的不可数名词有：information,news,...
