语法项目构成用法象征词例句一般现在时主语+动词原形或者第三人称单数-s/es表示经常性的动作或状态Everyoftenalwayson天in月、季、节、年。Hegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunchathome.一般过去时主语+动词过去式(did或者be—was/were表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态Ago/justnow/In1998/lastweek/yesterday等Hewrotealetteryesterday.Iwasbornin1979.一般将来时主语+begoingto+动词原形will/shall+动词原形在将来某个时间或某段时要做的事tomorrow/afternext/tonightin2010Areyougoingtoread?Hewillcometomorrow.现在进行时主语+be(am/is/are)+doing表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态listenlooknowallthetimeDon’t…Tomiswritingnow.Theyarelyingonthebed.现在完成时现在完成进行主语+have/has+动词过去分词主语+have/hasbeen+doing发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等含糊的频率副词alreadyjustnevereverHehassleptfortwodays.Ihavebeenteachingfor8years..过去进行时主语+was/were+doing多用于复合句中表在过去某时间正在进行的动作atthistimeyesterdaylastSundayeveningHewasreadingatthattimelastFriday过去完成时主语+had+动过去分词多用于复合句中该动作发生在过去的过去bythetime+过去时whenafterbeforeWehadlearnt2000wordsbytheendoflastyear.Eg:1.ifiwereyou,iwouldwearaskirt2.whatwouldyoudoifyouhadamilliondollars?3.Ifihadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.1、S(主)+Vi(不及物动词)(谓语)——→主动结构例如:Timeflies.1)S+V+副词(状语)例如:Birdssingbeautifully.2)S+Vi+介词短语(状语)例如:Hewentonholiday.3)S+Vi+不定式(状语)例如:Westoppedtohavearest.4)S+Vi+分词(状语)例如:I'llgoswimming.2、S(主)+Vt(及物动词)(谓语)+O(宾语)——→主动宾结构例如:WelikeEnglish.3、1)S+Vt+名词/代词例如:Ilikemusic.2)S+Vt+不定式例如:Iwanttohelphim.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:decide,hope,learn,need,promise,want,等。3)S+Vt+疑问词+不定式例如:Idon'tknowwhattodo.语法项目构成用法象征词例句过去将来时主语+would+动词原形多用宾语从句中过去看来将要发生的动作或状态Hesaidthathe…thenextday.Hesaidthathewouldcomeherethenextday.主句从句对过去或将来的假设过去式would+动词原形对过去情况进行假设时had+donewould+have+done[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:ask,decide,findout,forget,know等。4)S+Vt+动名词例如:Ienjoylivinghere.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:advise,enjoy,finish,mind,practise等。5)S+Vt+宾语从句例如:Idon'tthink(that)heisright.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:hope,know,notice,think,wonder等。3、S(主)+V(谓语)(系动词)+P(表语)——→主系表结构例如:WeareChinese.[说明]Ⅰ.除了be系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,①表感官的动词,feel,smell,taste,sound,look,seem等。②表转变变化的动词,become,get,grow,turn,go,等。③表延续的动词keep,seem等。④表瞬时的动词come,fall等。Ⅱ.表语也就是主语的补足语。1)S+V+名词/代词例如:Heisaboy.2)S+V+形容词例如:Sheisbeautiful.3)S+V+Adv副词例如:Classisover.4)S+V+介词短语例如:Heisingoodhealth.5)S+V+分词例如:Heisexcited.4、S(主)+Vt(谓语)+InO(间接宾语)+DO(直接宾语)—→主动双宾结构例如:Igiveyouhelp.1)S+Vt+间接宾语+直接宾语例如:Isenthimabook.2)S+Vt+直接宾语+To/for+间接宾语例如:Hesentabooktome.[说明]①间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有:bring,give,lend,pass,pay,read,sell,send,show,teach,tell,wish,write等。②间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有:buy,get,make等。5、S(主)+Vt(谓语)+O(宾语)+OC(宾语补足语)——→主动宾补结构例如:Imakeyouclear.[强调]宾语和宾语补足语之间通常具有逻辑主谓关系。1)S+Vt+宾语+名词例如:WenamedourbabyTom.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:call,find,make,name等。2)S+Vt+宾语+形容词例如:Hepaintedthewallwhite.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:cut,find,keep,leave,make,see,wash等。3)S+Vt+宾语+介词短语例如:Shealwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.4)S+Vt+宾语+不定例如:Iwishyoutostay.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:①不定式带to的词:ask,invite,tell,want,warn,wish等。②不定式不带to的词:have,know,let,make,notice,see,watch等。5)S+Vt+宾语+分词例如:Iheardmynamecalled(表示被动).Ifeelsomethingmoving(表示进行).[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:notice,observe,see,watch等。6)S+Vt+宾语+疑问词+不定式例如:Heshowmehowtodoit.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:ask,show,teach,tell等。