半开放式作文之观点类An interview• A: Hmm… I don’t know. I think TV has some good effects and some bad effects, too. Young children can learn good things from TV, but they can also be influenced in a bad way.• B: Children should not watch too much TV because there is too much violence on TV nowadays. Young children don’t know how to choose good programs. 议论文的基本精神:• 明确的立场• 充分的论述一、议论文的三要素三要素论点论据论证: 作者对所论问题所持的见解和主张: 用来证明论点的事实和道理的根据: 用论据来证明论点的方法和过程• 一般来说,议论文每段应有主题句( topic sentence )来确定论点。文章结尾往往提出自己的看法、意见或建议,表示对某一现象或论点的赞成或反对。论证有立论和驳论两种,作者证明自己的论点正确,是立论;反之,证明别人的论点错误,是驳论。 二、写议论文的注意事项• 1. 论点要鲜明,论据要充分,论证过程要条理清晰。• 2. 文章安排逻辑性要强,推理要严密。• 3. 重在说理,以理服人。• 4. 主要使用现在时态。 三、写议论文的准备步骤• 一)收集相关信息 不管是支持还是反对的论点都收集,然后加以分析、比较,尽量避免偏颇的结论。• 二)整理、评估可用信息,列成正反对照 表( pros and cons chart )• 三)决定立场• 要有明确的立场,即 : 下笔之前已决定好是支持还是反对这个议题。 正反对照表proscons1.2.3.1.2.3.Should students be allowed to have lunch outside of school?Schools should allow students to eat off campus.遇到问句时,首先确定立场,然后表达支持或反对意见四、议论文的写作结构结构①:先申明立场 1. 引言与主旨 2. 支持论点一 3. 支持论点二 4. 陈述可能的反对意见,并加以回应 5. 结论 • 结构②:先反驳意见• 1. 引言与主旨• 2. 陈述可能的反对意见,并加以回应• 3. 支持论点一• 4. 支持论点二• 5. 结论 • 结构③:立场与大多数人不同,预期会有许多反对意见时• 1. 引言与主旨• 2. 反对意见一,并加以回应• 3. 反对意见二,并加以回应• 4. 支持论点一• 5. 支持论点二• 6. 结论 • 2 、 There is an old saying, “Never judge a book by its cover.” What do you think of this saying? Write an article in 110-130 words to express your opinion on it. • 3 、 Recently, your class had a debate on the following statement to discuss whether knowledge or social connections are more useful in achieving success. Write an article in 110-130 words to give your opinion on the statement.• It’s not what you know, but who you know that counts.