1 / 8 句子结构句子的基本成分有以下几种:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。1、主语: 句子的主体,全句述说的对象。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当,位于句首。The boy needs a pen. Smoking is bad for you. 2、谓语: 说明主语的动作或状态。由动词或系动词加表语 担任,常置于主语后。The train leaves at 6 o’clock.She is reading. 3、宾语: 表示动作的对象。一般由名词或代词 担当,常置于谓语后。He won the game. He likes playing computer. 4、表语: 用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。一般由名词或形容词 担任,置于系动词之后。He is a student. We are tired. 注意: 除了 be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表感官的动词 : feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2)表转变变化的动词 : become, get, grow, turn, go等。3)表延续的动词 : remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。5、定语: 对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。The black bike is mine.(形容词)The boy in blue is Jim.(介词短语)I have nothing to do today.(动词不定式)注意:1、当定语修饰不定代词如: nothing , anything , everything , something 等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如:I tell him something interesting. 2、不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games. 6、状语: 用以修饰 adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。1、修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;I am very sorry. 2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首。2 / 8 In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom. 3、一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如: almost)的副词状语通常位于be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。We often help him. He is always late for class. 7、补语: 补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾 /分词 /不定式 等担任。常位于宾语后。He made me sad.(形容词)She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式)The war made him a soldier.(名...