作文的上下文衔接手法常见的七种关系Causeandeffect因果关系1）表示原因的because,as,since,dueto,owingto2）表示结果的hence(因此)，thus（因此），therefore(因此)，Asaconsequence,…（作为结果）Accordingly…(相应的)，Consequently…(作为结果)so…that…(如此…以致…)E.g.Theecologicalproblemsarebeingaggravated.Hence,itisimperativethatwetakemeasurestocurbthepollutionoftheenvironment.生态系统正在急剧的恶化，因此，我们必须采取严厉的措施遏制对环境的污染。Exemplification举例…isacaseinpoint.(某人或某事是一个恰当的例子。)Take…forexample.(以…为例)forinstance.(比如…)ToIllustrate…(例如…)Asanillustration…(作为例证…)e.g.TheAsiancountriesaregettingwesternizedatastaggeringrate.TakeChinaforexample,whenyoungstersgotothemovies,itisstandardpracticeforthemtochooseHollywoodblockbusteroverdomesticfilms.亚洲国家正以一种惊人的速度变得西方化，以中国为例，当年轻人去电影院的时候，通常都会选择好莱坞大片而不是中国电影。Comparisonandcontrast对比关系While…,whereas…,whilst…,incontraste.g.Whereas/whilemodernmanissorushedandsostressed,ourancestorscouldoftenperformtheirbusinessinarelaxedmanner.(对比)现代人的生活是如此的奔忙与紧张，而我们的祖先却可以不慌不忙的从事他们的事务。e.g.Theeducationalandmedicalfacilitiesinbigcitiesaremostlyveryadvanced.Incontrast,theircounterpartsinthecountrytendtobeofinferiorquality.Concession让步关系Despite/inspiteof…(后面只能跟名词名词词组或者动名词)（尽管有…）,Nonetheless/Nevertheless,(尽管如此)e.g.1Toughasitmaybetogetaccustomedtoanewculture,itwillproveveryrewarding.尽管适应新的文化可能很难，但这会被证明是很值得的。Thegovernmentplaysacrucialroleinscientificresearch,Nonetheless,privatecompaniesholdcertainadvantagesinconductingscientificresearch.Definition下定义Aisbestcharacterizedby…(A最明显的特征是…)，Aonstitutes…(A构成…)Ameans…,Aconsistsof…(A由…组成).e.g.Afinejournalistisbestcharacterizedbydiscipline,determinationandkeenobservations.一个好的记者最重要的特点是自律，毅力和敏锐的观察。Supposition假设论证providedthat…(如果)giventhechoice…(如果可以选择的话…)onlyif…(只有…)aslongas…(只要)if…,supposethat…e.g.Providedthatwecanminimizethepainoftestanimals,animalexperimentationshouldbecontinued.e.g.Giventhechoice,manypeoplewouldliveinbigcitiesratherthanthecountryside.Modification修饰关系that,which,whoToday,teenagestudentsareunderincreasinglyseverestressintheirstudies,whichhasdisturbedandalarmedmanyadults.开头段模板正面（进步类）1）Incontemporarysociety,thehumanraceisadvancingatanunprecedentedrateinamultitudeofarenas.在当今社会，人类正以前所未有的速度在很多领域向前发展。2）Todaywehaveembarkeduponthe…era.今天，我们已经进入了…的时代。Wehaveembarkedupontheinformationera.3）Sincetheadvent/arrivalofthe…era…随着…时代的到来…例句：Sincetheadventoftheinformationera,ourefficiencyatworkhasbeengreatlyenhanced.随着信息时代的到来，我们的工作效率得到了很大的提高。例句2Withtheadventoftheinformationera,schooleducationhasundergoneprofoundchangesatanacceleratedrate.反面（倒退类）1）ButAisattended/accompaniedbyB但是伴随着…（某种好现象）的到来，某种坏现象也出现了。2）Inthisdayandage,itisstandardpracticefor…todosomething.今天，某些人做某事是很普遍的。例句：Inthisdayandage,itisstandardpracticeforparentstorusharoundalldaybusyingthemselveswiththeirwork.3）Suchagravesituationmeritsourcarefulattention.这样一个严重的情况值得我们关注。4）Theissueof…hasbeenthrownintosharprelief/focus.…引起...
