摘要我国是能源生产与消费的大国，一次能源供应以煤炭为主，石油、天然气资源短缺。然而我国污染物排放总量长期居高不下，远远超过环境自净能力。其中，氮氧化物的污染不断加剧，特别是北京、上海、广州等一些大城市，氮氧化物含量超标。SCR工艺与其它工艺相比，具有较高的NOX脱除率（80%以上），将燃煤电厂烟气排放NOX控制在较低的浓度，以满足不断更新的更加严格的排放标准。而且该工艺无副产物，不形成二次污染，装置结构简单，运营可靠，便于维护。本设计针对电厂燃煤锅炉产生烟气的排放要求和一些工程实例，对SCR系统的工艺结构进行了设计计算，并对催化剂及辅助设备进行了选型。关键词：氮氧化物，SCR工艺，催化剂，结构设计AbstractOurcountryistheenergyproductionandtheexpensegreatnation,anenergysupplybythecoal,thepetroleum,andthenaturalgasresourceisprimarilyshort.Thereforeourcountrypollutantdischargetotalquantitystaysatahighlevelforalongtime,goesfarbeyondtheenvironmentautomaticdepurationability.Thenitrogenoxidepollutionintensifiesunceasingly,nitrogenoxidecontentexceedingtheallowedfigurespeciallyBeijing,Shanghai,Guangzhouandothersomebigcities.TheSCRcraftcompareswithothercrafts,hasthehighNOXremovingrate(above80%),willburncoalthepowerplanthazetodischargetheNOXcontrolinthelowdensity,andsatisfiesthestricteremissionstandardwhichrenewsunceasingly.Moreoverthiscraftdoesnothavetheby-product,doesnotformsecondarypollution,theinstallmentstructureissimple,theoperationisreliable,isadvantageousforthemaintenance.Thisdesignhasthehazenatureandtheemissionsrequestinviewofthepowerplantcoal-firedboiler,hascarriedonthedesigncalculationtotheSCRsystemequipment'sstructure,andcarriesontheshapingtothecatalystandthesupportingfacility.Keywords：Nitrogenoxide,SCRprocess,catalyst,structuraldesign目录摘要................................................................IABSTRACT..........................................................II第一章前言..........................................................11.1综述...............................................................11.1.1选题背景......................................................11.1.2研究意义......................................................11.2NOX的特性、来源和危害.............................................21.2.1NOx的特性....................................................21.2.2NOx的来源....................................................21.2.3NOx的危害....................................................31.2.4燃煤电站NOX的产生............................................51.3环保政策法规.......................................................51.4NOX污染的治理.....................................................61.4.1我国燃煤NOx排放现状..........................................61.4.2常规处理......................................................61.4.3燃烧后控制....................................................81.5SCR脱硝工艺......................................................111.5.1SCR基本原理.................................................111.5.2典型SCR系统组成.............................................131.5.3SCR工艺流程.................................................131.5.4SCR工艺系统布置分类.........................................141.6催化剂............................................................161.7还原剂原料........................................................191.7.1液氨.........................................................191.7.2氨水...............................
