专题二十一细节理解题-2-细节理解题要求就文中的某个点进行提问并进行解答,这种问题又往往是对文章的某个词、词组、句子或者某个段落在结合文章语境的前提下进行总结概括或简单的推断,总结成符合字数要求的句子。该类题常用why,when,where,how,what,who,which等设问。考生在做细节类题时易出现的问题是:审题不清,造成答非所问;理解偏差,造成信息句定位错误;答案与问题不协调一致;时态与题干不符合、字数不符合规定;其他语言形式错误:如拼写错误、标点符号错误、大小写混乱、词性混用、主谓不一致等。-3-细节理解题的考查主要有以下方式:1.InwhichyearwastheNHSsetup?(within2words)2.Whendidtheauthorgiveherfatherasurprisegift?(nomorethan4words)3.Whosentthemails?(nomorethan6words)4.Whydidtheauthorandhersisterstayuplatethenightbeforetheirfather’sbirthday?(nomorethan9words)5.Howdoesarentalboyfriendgetpaid?(within3words)6.WhatdoesJackiewishthegovernmenttodo?(within7words)-4-答题技巧:1.浏览试题,找出试题关键词。带着问题速读文章,根据试题关键词定位答题信息。推敲理解信息句,遣词组句答题。2.简略回答时一定要注意答案与问题的一致性。不同类型的问题要求有不同形式的回答:在回答what开头问句的时候,要用名词、动词不定式、动名词、主语从句、表语从句或宾语从句;以why开头的问句要用原因状语或者原因状语从句来回答,常用because或者becauseof来开头;在回答how开头的问句时,—般用表方式的介词by或者through来开头;以when开头的问句要用时间状语或者时间状语从句回答;回答以where开头的问句要用地点状语或地点状语从句来回答。3.书写细节性问题的答案时需注意:即使答案只有一个单词或短语,第一个字母也要大写,而且别忘了句末用英文句点;必须在规定的字数范围内书写答案。4.使用完整句子作答时要注意主谓一致,时态尽量与题干的时态一致。-5-(2014·天津卷)LastDecember,DorisLowturned90.OnceaweekshestilldrivestotheCanadianNationalInstitutefortheBlind(CNIB)inToronto,whereshehelpstransformliteratureintobraille(盲文)tobringthepowerofstoryandknowledgetotheheartsandmindsofblindreaders.Shehasbeenvolunteeringhertimeandtalentstosuchenterprisesformorethan40years.Afterworkinginthebusinessworldforawhile,Lowgotfedup.Sosheturnedtoteachingatatechnicalschoolandlatermovedintothelibrary.Low’smotherlikedreading.Ashereyesbegantofail,Lowreadtoher.Then“hearinganadvertisementencouragingpeopletolearnbraille,Idecidedtogiveitatry.”In1973,shewascertifiedasabrailletranscriber(转译者)andbegantranscribingbooksasavolunteerfortheCNIBlibrary.-6-Thejobwasstrenuous—shecouldgettotheendofapage,makeamistakeonthelastline,andhavetodothewholethingagain.Foranumberofyears,LowalsoworkedintheCNIBsoundstudioreadingbooksontotape.Threeyearsago,shetookupproofreading(校对)attheCNIB’swordfactory.InApril,duringVolunteerWeek,theCNIBrecognizedLowforhergreatcontributions.ThankstovolunteerslikeLow,theCNIBlibraryhasgotmorethan80,000accessiblematerialsforpeopleunabletoreadtraditionalprint.“Ican’timaginehowmanyreadersofallageshavebenefitedfromDoris’contributionasaskilledvolunteerthroughherrichvoiceandherhighdegreeofaccuracyinthehundredsofbooksshehasbrailledandproofreadovertheyears—andsheisstilldoingso,”saidaCNIBofficial.“Forme,”saidLow,“theCNIBismorethanjustaplacetovolunteer.Threethingsmattermostinmylife:alittleplay,alittlework,alittlelove.I’vefoundthemallhere.”-7-56.WhatdoesLowstilldoattheageof90attheCNIB?(nomorethan10words)剖析:细节理解题。根据第一段可知她仍然在为盲人的阅读和知识而翻译那些盲文。故答案为:ShehelpstransformliteratureintoBraille(forblindreaders/theblind.)57.WhydidLowlearnbraille?(nomorethan15words)剖析:细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知她的母亲眼睛看不见了,她又看到鼓励人们学习盲文的广告,所以决定学习盲文。故答案为:(Because)hermother’seyesbegantofailandsheheardan/theadvertisement.59.WhatareLow’scontributionstotheCNIB?(nomorethan10words)剖析:细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知她为这个图书馆转译了很多盲文书籍,还为很多的磁带配音。故答案为:Shehasbrailledandproofreadhundredsofbooks,andreadbooksontotape.
