定语从句定语从句Complexsentence复合句：由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。结局好,一切都好。真正的友谊犹如健康的身体,失去时方知其可贵。ProverbsFriendshipislikesoundhealth,thevalueofwhichisseldomknownuntilitislost.Alliswellthatendswell.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用作定语的句子就叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。引导定语从句的关联词有：定语从句关系代词：who,whomwhose,which,that,as关系副词：when,wherewhy定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句:是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句:和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that和why.一、关系代词的句法功能及指代功能关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间，身兼三职：连接主从句的纽带、指代先行词和在从句中充当某种句子成分。现在我们将常用的关系代词的指代功能和在句子中的句法功能总结如下：指代人指代物指代人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom/whowhichthat定语whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)在从句中的作用指代功能that指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。e.g.ThehousethatI’mgoingtobuyfacessouth.They’retalkingaboutthefilm.Ihaveseenthefilm.They’retalkingaboutthefilm(that)I’veseen.ItwaswrittenbyLaoshe.Janehasborrowedthebook.JanehasborrowedthebookthatwaswrittenbyLaoshe.Ihavereadthenewspaper.Itcarriestheimportantnews.Ihavereadthenewspaperwhichcarriestheimportantnews.which指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。Ishowedhimtheletter.Ireceiveditthismorning.Ishowedhimtheletter(which)Ireceivedthismorning.whom指人,在从句中作宾语,可省略。e.g.Doyouknowtheman(whom)wesawattheBeijingHotel?ThegirlisfromAmerica.Icalledherjustnow.Thegirl(whom)IcalledjustnowisfromAmerica.who指人，在从句中作主语、宾语,宾语可省略。Thegirlwho/thatissingingismysister.Theman(who)Isawtoldmetocomehere.注意：①当先行词是anyone,those时②有两个定语从句，先行词指人，其中一个关系代词已用that,另一个宜用who.Isthereanyonewhoisreadytohelptheinjured?whose指人或物，表所属关系，在从句中作定语。常可用“the+名词+ofwhich(物）/whom(人）”或者“of+which/whom+the+名词”代替“whose+名词”Thisisthebuildingwhosewindows(thewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindows)wereallpaintedgreen.Thereareinthisclass20students,______aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.thebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose二、在下述情况下，定语从句中关系代词只能用thatthat：1.Iamsureshehasnothingthatyoucanborrow.3.Ihavereadallthebookthatyougaveme.4.ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.2.ThisisthefirstcompositionthathehaswritteninEnglish.先行词是all,none,much,little,few,something,everything,nothing,anything,theone,any等不定代词时。先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。先行词被all,many,much,little,every,no,some,any等修饰时先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。5.当先行词为指人和指物两个先行词时．Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.6．当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时．如：Ｗhichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?Whoisthepersonthatisstandingbythewindow?7.有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that.Theyhavesetupacompany,w...
