选修选修6unit36unit3learningaboutlanguageWord-consolidation-I(2m)AnswerkeyforExercise1:1.quit,tough2.accustomedto3.ashamed(ofher)4.desperate5.(The)alcoholic(effects)6.strengthen(yourmuscles)7.pregnant8.disappointed9.decideonDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsPage20AnswerkeyforExercise2:Word-consolidation-II(2m)cigarettes,alcohol,effects,adolescents,tough,stress,dueto,addictedto,mental,quit,unfit,withdrawalGrammarGrammarTheuseof“it”Grammar(5m)1.Itrainsheavily(Itisarainyday).2.Itis20kilometersfromGrandad’shousetoJames’.3.ItisNovember11,2005.4.Itis9o’clockatnight.6.Itisnogoodsmoking.7.Itislikelythathewillsucceed.真正主语真正主语形式主语形式主语真正主语形式主语Discovering“It”=_______isbad.Tosmoke=______isnogood.Smoking=__________islikely.Thathewillsucceed5.Itisbadtosmoke.1.it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免Xi’anisabeautifulcity,isn’tit?2.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Isthisyourdog？No,itisn’t.一、it作人称代词it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it：指天气：Itisalovelyday,isn’tit?Itisabitwindy.二、it作非人称代词2.指时间:Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.3.指环境:Itwasveryquietinthecafé.4.指距离：Itishalfanhour’swalktothecitycentrefrommyhome.5.指日期：--What'sthedatetoday?--It'sMay1,2007.6.指季节：Itissummernow.7.指度量：Itisabout5kilograms.8.指----What'sthecostoftheT-shirt?----Itis150yuan.替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。三、it用作形式主语（1）Itbeadj.（forsb.）todosth.此处adj.通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，well-mannered，ill-mannered，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerous…Itisillegal（forateenager）todriveacarwithoutalicense.1.代作主语的动词不定式（2）Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此处adj.通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy.It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.It'snogood/usedoing…It's（well）worthdoing…It's（well）worthone'swhiledoing/todo…It's（well）worthwhiledoing/todoIt'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(3)It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型2.it作形式主语替代主语从句Itisclear(obvious，true，possible,certain…)that...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然,真的……）”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如：Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.①Itisadj.+clauseItissaid(reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....)that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉．．．）”。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.②Itisv-edthat…=sb./sth.istodo③Itis+noun+从句Itisapity(ashame/anhonor/agoodthing/afact/asurprise/...)that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省去。表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了，真遗憾！四、it作形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语...
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