中学化学常用方程式大全一、非金属单质................................................................11、氧化性.......................................................12、还原性.......................................................13、(碱中)歧化..............................2二、金属单质.........................................................................21、还原性.......................................................2三、非金属氢化物.......................................................31、还原性.......................................................32、酸性................................................................33、碱性................................................................34、不稳定性...............................................3四、非金属氧化物.......................................................31、低价态的还原性.....................42、氧化性.......................................................43、与水的作用......................................44、与碱性物质的作用............4五、金属氧化物................................................................41、低价态的还原性.....................42、氧化性.......................................................43、与水的作用......................................54、与酸性物质的作用............5六、含氧酸.................................................................................51、氧化性.......................................................52、还原性.......................................................53、酸性................................................................64、不稳定性...............................................6七、碱..................................................................................................61、低价态的还原性.....................62、与酸性物质的作用............63、不稳定性...............................................6八、盐..................................................................................................61、氧化性.......................................................62、还原性.......................................................63、与碱性物质的作用............74、与酸性物质的作用............75、不稳定性...............................................7九、其他方程式................................................................7一、非金属单质(F2、Cl2、O2、S、N2、P、C、Si)1、氧化性F2+H2＝2HF(冷暗处爆炸)F2+Xe(过量)＝XeF2(产物为白色)2F2(过量)+Xe＝XeF4(产物为白色)nF2+2M＝2MFn(表示大部分金属)2F2+2H2O＝4HF+O2F2+2NaX＝2NaX+Cl2(熔融,不能是溶液)Cl2+H2＝2HCl(光照或点燃)3Cl2+2P2PCl3Cl2+PCl3PCl5Cl2+2Na2NaCl3Cl2+2Fe2FeCl3Cl2+2FeCl2＝2FeCl3Cl2+CuCuCl22Cl2+2NaBr＝2NaCl+Br2Cl2+2NaI＝2NaCl+I2*5Cl2+I2+6H2O＝2HIO3+10HClCl2+Na2S＝2NaCl+S↓Cl2+H2S＝2HCl+S↓Cl2+SO2+2H2O＝H2SO4+2HClCl2+H2O2＝2HCl+O22O2+3FeFe3O4O2+KKO2S+H2H2S2S+CCs2S+FeFeSS+2CuCu2S3S+2AlAl2S3S+ZnZnSN2+3H22NH3N2+3MgMg3N2N2+6Na＝2Na3NP4+6H24PH32、还原性S+O2SO2S+6HNO3(浓)＝H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O3S+4HNO3(稀)＝3SO2↑+4NO↑+2H2ON2+O2＝2NO(放电)4P+5O2P4O10(常写成P2O5)2P+3X2＝2PX3(X表示F2、Cl2、Br2)PX3+X2＝PX5P4+20HNO3(浓)＝4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2OC+2F2＝CF4C+2Cl2＝CCl42C+O2(少量)2COC+O2(足量)CO2C+CO22COC+H2OCO+H2(生成水煤气)2C+SiO2Si+2CO(制得粗硅)Si(粗)+2Cl2SiCl4(SiCl4+2H2Si(纯)+4HCl)Si(粉)+O2SiO2Si+CsiC(金刚砂)Si+2NaOH+H2O＝Na2SiO3+2H23、(碱中)歧化Cl2+H2O＝HCl+HClO(加酸抑制歧化、加碱或光照促进歧...
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