目录引言...................................................................11.地黄的化学成分......................................................21.1环烯醚萜及其苷类..............................................21.2糖类..........................................................21.3氨基酸.........................................................31.4微量元素.......................................................31.5其他成分.......................................................32.地黄药理作用........................................................32.1对血液系统的药理作用..........................................32.2对免疫系统的药理作用..........................................42.3对中枢神经系统的药理作用......................................42.4对肾脏的药理作用..............................................42.5降血糖作用....................................................52.6抗衰老........................................................52.7对胃黏膜的药理作用............................................62.8抗炎症作用....................................................62.9对心血管系统及神经系统的影响..................................63.结论................................................................7参考文献...............................................................7地黄的有效成分及现代药理学基础的研究进展ZHANGjin-tang（张金堂）摘要：本文在查阅大量文献的基础上，详细探究了中药地黄的有效成分以及药理作用。地黄主要成分低聚糖和梓醇具有降糖及改善记忆力功能，多糖能改善造血，且具备中枢抑制作用。本文总结归纳了当前关于地黄有效成分及药理作用的研究进展。关键词：地黄；化学成分；药理作用EffectiveComponentsandPharmacologicalBasisofRehmanniaGlutinosaAbstract:Inthispaper,basedonalotofdocuments,detailedstudyoftheeffectivecomponentsandpharmacologicaleffectsofRadixrehmanniae.ThemaincomponentofRehmanniaglutinosaoligosaccharidesandCatalpolhashypoglycemicandimprovememoryfunction,polysaccharidescanimprovethehematopoietic,andhasthecentralinhibitoryeffect.ThispapersummarizesthecurrentresearchprogressonactiveingredientsandpharmacologicaleffectsofRehmanniaglutinosa.Keywords:Rehmanniaglutinosa;chemicalconstituents;pharmacologicalaction引言地黄为玄参科植物地黄(RehmanniagLutinosa)的新鲜或干燥块根。主产于河南。鲜地黄清热生津，凉血、止血。生地黄清热凉血，养阴生津。主要用于热病伤阴，舌绛烦渴，热入营血，温毒发斑，吐血衄血，咽喉肿痛，伤津便秘，阴虚发热，骨蒸痨热，内热消渴等热证。地黄甘寒质润，苦寒清热，入营分、血分，为清热凉血止血，养阴生津的要药，故常用于温热病热入营血，壮热烦渴，神昏，口干舌绛，及温毒发斑，吐血衄血者。地黄又具清热养阴，生津止咳的功效，故可用治热病伤阴所致的舌绛烦渴，津伤便秘，内热消渴。地黄入肾经，又能滋阴降火，用于阴虚发热，骨蒸潮热，及温病后期，余热未尽，阴液已伤，夜热早凉，舌红脉数者。1.地黄的化学成分1.1环烯醚萜及其苷类地黄的化学成分以苷类为主，其中又以环烯醚萜苷类为主。从鲜地黄及干地黄中，已分离鉴定出20多种苷类：梓醇，二氢梓醇，乙酰梓醇，益母草苷，桃叶珊瑚苷，单蜜力特苷，蜜力特苷，RehmaglutinA、B、C、D，Acteoside，地黄苷A、B、C、D，Cerebrosid及含氯的Glutinoside，RehmaionosideA、B、C，Rehmapicroside，PurpureasideC，海胆苷，CistanosideA、F，JionosideA、B，JioglutosideA，B，去羟栀子苷，筋骨草苷，8-表番木鳖酸，乙酰梓醇苷等，熟地中含量较少。梓醇为环烯醚萜单糖苷,采用HPLC测定地黄中梓醇的含量(以干重计算),发现不同品种及同一品种的不同单株中梓醇含量有所不同[1]。梓醇在生地黄中的含量平均为6.74m...
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