动词分类和时态易错清单一、易混动词1.几个“花费”:spend,take,pay,costspend多用人作主语,后接金钱或时间。spend...onsth/(in)doingsth。如:Ispent15yuanonthisnewbook.买这本新书我花了15元。take常用于“Ittakessbsometimetodosth”句型中,如:Itoftentakesmehalfanhourtogotoschoolbybikeeveryday.我每天骑车去学校要花半小时。pay常与for连用,表“付给⋯⋯款”。如:Ipaid15yuanforthisnewbook.cost常用物作主语,表“价值或花费多少钱”。如:Thisnewbookcostsme15yuan.2.几个“看”:look,see,watch,read,findlook看,表动作,lookat。see看见,表结果;也可说看电影“seeafilm”。watch观看比赛、演出、电视等。read读书看报等文字材料。3.几个与“看”有关的词或词组:lookfor,find,findout,lookafter,takecareof,lookover,lookforwardtolookfor寻找,表过程。find发现,找到,表结果。findout找出,查明。lookafter,takecareof均表示“照看,照顾”。lookover检查身体等。lookforwardto盼望⋯⋯,期待⋯⋯。4.几个“说”:say,speak,talk,tellsay用作及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词时,侧重说的内容;say用作不及物动词时,不涉及所说的内容。如:PleasesayitinEnglish.这个请用英语说。It'shardtosay.很难说。Easiersaidthandone.说起来容易,做起来难。say之后通常跟直接引语、间接引语或宾语从句。如:Theteachersaid,“Pleaselookatme.”老师说:“请看着我”。Ourteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.老师说地球围绕太阳运行。含有say的固定搭配和常见的句型有:saytooneself自言自语;say“Hi/Hello”tosb.向某人问好;havenothingtosayto对⋯⋯无话可说;sayagoodwordforsb.为某人说好话;Theysay.../It'ssaid...(据说⋯⋯);Thatistosay那就是说。speak用作及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词时,意思是“讲、说某种语言”;用作不及物动词时,意思是“说/说话”。如:DoyouspeakEnglish?你讲英语吗?Hecanspeakseveralforeignlanguages.他会讲好几种外语。Speakup.Ican'thearyou.大声点,我听不见。Theyoftenspeakofyou.他们经常谈到你。speak作“说/说话”讲时,与talk可以互换使用。如:Thebabyislearninghowtospeak/talk.那个婴儿正在学说话。speak与介词to连用,作“说话”讲,打电话时常用。如:Hello,mayIspeaktoTom?喂,请汤姆接电话,好吗?Whoisspeaking?你是谁?ThisisLiHongspeaking.我是李红。含speak的短语、固定搭配和句型常见的有:speakto/with...与⋯⋯讲话;speakup大声说;speakatthemeeting在会上发言;speakhighlyof称赞;speakforsb.为某人说话;speakinpublic当众发言。talk用作不及物动词,作“说话”讲时与speak可以互换使用。作“交谈”讲时,通常与介词to/with连用。如:Thebabycan'ttalkyet.那个婴儿还不会讲话。TheyoftentalkinEnglish.他们经常用英语交谈。I'dliketotalktoher.我想和她谈一谈。talk用作名词时,可以与动词have一起构成短语“haveatalkwith”,意思是“和⋯⋯谈一谈”。如:MayIhaveatalkwithyou?我可以和你谈一谈吗?含talk的短语、固定搭配和句型常见有:talkto/withsb.和某人谈话;talkabout谈论;haveatalkwithsb.和某人谈话/谈一谈;talkof谈到/讲到;talkout说完;talkinEnglish用英语交谈;tell用作及物动词,意思是“讲、说”,指说实话,说出事实的真相,讲故事等。如:Mymotheroftentellsmestories.妈妈经常给我讲故事。Pleasetellmethetruth.请告诉我事实的真相。Theboynevertellslies.那个孩子从不说谎。NobodycantellhowthePyramidswerebuilt.没有人能说出金字塔是怎样建成的。tell表示命令时,作“叫、告诉”讲,常见的句型是“tellsbtodosth.”,意思是“叫/告诉某人做某事”。如:Tellhimtocometomyoffice.叫/告诉他到我的办公室来。Tellthemnottolookoutofthewindow.叫他们不要向窗外望。含有tell的短语、固定搭配和常用句型有:tellsb.astory给某人讲故事;tellsb.aboutsth.告诉某人关于某事的情况;tellsb.todosth.叫某人做某事;tellalie说谎;tellthetruth说实话。say接说话的内容,作及物动词。saysthtosb对某人说某事。如:Didyousaygoodbyetoyourgranny?你和你...
