2013年中考英语知识综合考点精讲精练（六）（无答案）人教新目标版重难点语法—定语从句精析1.概念：在含有主句和从句的复合句中，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。他所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句就在先行词后。用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose,)关系副词（where,when,why）Eg,Didyouseethepersonwhooftenhelpedothes?你见过经常帮助别人的那个人了吗？主句先行词关系词定语从句Thisisthepenwhich/thatheislookingfor.这就是他正在寻找的那支笔。（找出主句、定语从句，关系词，先行词）（初学者注意识别先行词和关系词，并在定语从句中作什么成分）2.做题时关系词的选择和在句中的作用引导定语从句的关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose,)关系副词（where,when,why）它们放在定语从句和先行词之间，起联系作用。同时又充当定语从句中的一个成分（主语、宾语）选择关系词取决于1）先行词是人或物；2）在从句中作主语还是宾语。①当先行词是人时，关系词可以用who或that;当先行词是物时，关系词用which或thatThemovie（_________theysaw）wasveryinteresting.他们看的电影非常有趣。（宾语）Theboy________issittinginthesunismybrother.坐在太阳下的那个男孩是我的弟弟。（主语）注意：当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略，又如Theman__________theyarewaitingforcomesfromJapan.②whose关系词指人或物的所有格。Doyouknowtheboy________hairisyellow?你认识那个黄色头发的男孩吗？Theclassroom____windowsareclosedisours.关着窗户的那个教室是我们的。③关系副词when,where,why=介词+which,when,表示时间，跟在hour,moment,day,date,month,year,season,time,等之后。Eg，Canyoutellmethedate________(=onwhich)youwereborn?你能告诉我你的出生日期吗？where,表地点，跟在place,village,town,city,home等之后，eg，Thisistheplace______(=inwhich)Igrewup.这就是我长大的地方。Why表原因，在reason之后，eg，That’sthereason______shedidn’tcometowork.那就是她没有来上班的原因。注意特殊情况1a)当先行词被最高级修饰时，只用that，Thisisthebestbook_______Ihaveeverread.（作宾语，可省略）b)当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，必须用that，而不用which,(不定代词有哪些？all,something,anything,nothing,everything,none,theone,much,little,every,any,some等)That’stheone________youtalkedaboutjustnow.c)当先行词有theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame,thefirst等修饰时，必须用that,Heistheonlyperson____Isawthere.d)关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，如果介词放在它前面，只用which（物）、whom（人）Thisistheroomthat/whichhelivedtwoyearsago.=Thisistheroomin________helivedtwoyearsago.Thegirlwho/whom/thatheistalkingtoismysister.=Thegirlto_____heistalkingismysister.但介词短语不能拆开时，介词不能提前，Thebabieswho/thatthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.(lookafter的after不能提前)注意：当关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时，定语从句的谓语动词单复数取决于先行词的单复数：Thegirlwho______(have)longhairismydaughter.Thetreesthat_______(be)plantedbyuslastyearhavegrownwell.e)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时用that，Sheisnolongerthegirl_______shewantedtobe.f)当有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词时，只能用that，egHetalkedabouttheteachersandschools________hehadvisited.g)以who,which开头的疑问句，为避免重复，用that，eg，Whoisthegirl_____isstandingatthedoor?h)以Therebe开头的，定语从句用that，Thereisaseatintheconcert________isstillfree.注意特殊情况2:只用which，不用that的情况①先行词是that,those,用which,而不用that,What’sthat______isunderthedesk?②关系词前有介词，用which,而不用that,Thisistheroomin_______Ilivedmanyyearsago.*******③引导非限制性定语从句，用which,而不用that,Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.④当先行词为anyone...
