初步掌握非谓语的基本结构及用法知识精讲一.本周教学内容初步掌握非谓语的基本结构及用法二.教学重难点掌握非谓语所能够充当的句子成分（一）非谓语的分类以及各自在句子中所能充当的成分。非谓语分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。（动名词和现在分词形式相同）以下表格表示的是它们各自所能充当的成分：成分类别主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√现在分词：（doing，havingdone，beingdone，havingbeendone）1.现在分词在句子中做表语。（即进行时态）如：Heisplayingfootballontheplayground.IwasstudyingEnglishfrom1991to1999.2.现在分词在句子中做定语。如：Doyouknowthemanspeakingtomyteacher?IsawasleepingcatwhenIenteredtheroom.3.现在分词在句子中做状语。现在分词在句子中做状语表示在主句动作发生的同时，主语又发生的事情。如：Theboysattherethinkingabouthisplan.Themanlookedathisbrokencar,wonderinghowmuchitwillcosttogetitrepaired.Havingfinishedhisbreakfast,Tomwenttoschool.Beinghighlypraised,hethoughtofanothergreatadventure.注意：非谓语做状语的时候，其逻辑主语一定是主句的主语，如：Havingexaminedhim,thedoctortoldhimOK.Havingbeenexamined,hewastoldOK.特例：不需与主句主语一致的现在分词状语有：judgingfrom/by，generallyspeaking，considering，talkingof，supposing，beginning等）4.在句子中做宾补。（以现在分词做宾补的动词主要有：mind，suggest，imagine，see，hear，feel，smell，taste，keep等）如：Canyouimaginehimwaitinghereforanother2hours?Hesuggestedusgoinghomeandcomingheretomorrow.Shesmeltsomethingburning.Shejustkeptherstudentscleaningtheclassroomeveryday.Weweresuggestedgoinghome.Hewasseenplayingtheviolinwonderfully.过去分词：1.过去分词在句子中做表语。（即被动语态）如：Hisjobhasbeenfinished.Sheishighlypraised.2.过去分词在句子中做定语。如：DoyouknowthedifferencebetweenwrittenandspokenEnglish?Thehousewithabrokenwindowishis.Thewindowbrokenbyhimisbeingrepairednow.3.过去分词在句子中做宾补。（接过去分词做宾补的动词主要有：get，make，have，see，hear等）Hehashad/made/gothishaircut.Shesawherhusbandkilledinthewar.Hishairwasmadecut.ShewasheardawardedtheOscaraward.4.过去分词做状语。注意非谓语做状语的时候，主语与非谓语的一致问题。Permitted,hewouldhavesucceededindoingthat.讨论：此句为什么不用havingbeenpermitted?本句的句意是“如果当时他被允许（做这件事）的话，他本会成功的”过去分词做状语可以表示条件，与if+done可以互换。而现在分词中的完成被动式不可以，它只可以表示完成被动，而且只有非谓语与谓语是很鲜明的先后关系时才可以用（平时很少用到）如：Havingbeenfinished,hishomeworkwassenttohisteachertobecorrected.如果非谓语与谓语是一般的先后关系的话，直接用过去分词即可如：Guidedbytheguide,hefoundtheplaceeasily.Scoldedbytheteacher,hefeltverydepressed.英语中用主动表示被动的情况1.在不定式做定语时，如果不定式的真正主语（未必是本句的主语）出现了的话，要用主动语态代替被动语态。如：Ihavesomehomeworktodo.Ihavesomehomeworkforyoutodo.Ihavesomehomeworktobedone.Thereissomehomeworktodo/tobedone.Thereissomehomeworkforustodo.Thebuildingtobebuiltisournewlibrary.Thebuildingforthemtobuildisournewlibrary.2.出现在表示主语性质的形容词后面的不定式，要用主动语态代替被动语态。如：Thisbookiseasytoread.ThisTVischeaptobuy.3.谓语动词在表示主语性质的时候，要用主动语态代替被动语态。如：Thiskindofbookssellwell.Thispenwriteswell.Don’tdroptheinkoveryourclothes.Itdoesn’twashout.4.一些词组中的动名词的用法。（beworthdoing，need/want/require/deserve）如：Thecarneeds/wants/requiresrepairing.Thisbookdeserves/isworthreading.【典...
