《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》之免责制度研究摘要随着国际化的迅速发展，国内法和国际立法呈趋同的趋势。合同当事人在国际货物贸易中面临的问题也越来越多。因此，免责制度研究成为人们贸易合同中重点关注的问题。《联合国国际货物贸易销售合同公约》（简称CISG）是以国际公约的形式对第79条免责问题做出了规制，具有非常重要的意义。本文主要以《联合国国际货物贸易销售合同公约》的免责制度为研究对象，通过从免责的发展历程及特定、免责的成立、免责的适用、免责的效力来进行阐述，解释适用范围中模糊的概念，填补法律的空白，保证其适用的统一和独立性。最后，提出对其的解决办法建议。关键词：CISG；免责；适用范围AbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentofinternationalization,domesticlawandinternationallegislationhaveshownatrendofconvergence.Contractpartiesarefacingmoreandmoreproblemsininternationaltradeingoods.Therefore,thestudyofexemptionsystemhasbecomeamajorconcerninpeople'stradecontracts.TheUnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods(CISG)regulatesArticle79exemptionintheformofinternationalconventionsandisofgreatsignificance.ThisarticlemainlytakestheexemptionsystemoftheUnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoodsastheresearchobject,andexplainsthevagueconceptinthescopeofapplicationbyexpoundingfromthedevelopmentprocessofexemptionandthespecific,exemptionestablishment,exemptionapplicationandexemptioneffect.Tofillthegapsinthelawandensuretheuniformityandindependenceofitsapplication.Finally,theproposalforCISGexemptionoptimizationisproposed.Keywords:CISG;exemption;scopeofapplication目录引言................................................................3一、CISG第79条免责的发展历程及特点.................................5（一）CISG第79条免责的发展历程................................5（二）免责制度的特点...........................................5二、CISG第79条免责的成立...........................................6（一）CISG第79（1）条一般规则..................................61.认定标准...................................................62.构成要件...................................................63.免责期间...................................................8（二）CISG第79（2）条第三人违约情形............................81.第三人的界定...............................................82.适用条件...................................................8三、CISG第79条免责的适用...........................................9（一）免责事由..................................................91.免责条款...................................................92.不可抗力..................................................10（二）适用范围.................................................101.不履行....................................................102.瑕疵履行..................................................10四、CISG第79条免责的效力..........................................11（一）免除损害赔偿的责任.......................................111.明确损害赔偿原则..........................................112.确定赔偿的范围............................................113.确定赔偿的标准............................................12（二）免除履行责任.............................................12（三）行使救济权利的主体.......................................12五、CISG存在的问题及解决方法......................................13（一）存在的问题...............................................13（二）解决办法...........................
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