熔融沉积3D打印工艺过程能耗建模与优化研究摘要随着3D打印技术的快速发展，熔融沉积（FDM）作为众多3D打印技术工艺之一。与其它3D打印技术一样，其绿色制造性能受到了广泛的关注。为了制造出相同质量的模型，3D打印机消耗的电能比注塑成型高出50到100倍。此外，由于受到原理及工艺限制，采用FDM技术进行塑料制品打印时，耗时较长且仍然存在原材料浪费的情况。本文从熔融沉积3D打印机整个工艺过程能耗的角度分析了熔融沉积3D打印工艺过程的能耗，并从打印质量、打印效率和打印能耗这三个方面进行研究与优化。首先，介绍国内外3D打印机的发展现状和3D打印机能耗的研究现状，分析3D打印机工艺过程能耗研究的重要意义以及目前存在的问题。其次，围绕3D打印机打印系统进行分析，将3D打印机主要功能模块的能耗细化成机械部分、电子部分和软件部分。在分析了3D打印机主要功能模块后，对其能耗建立了数学模型，并针对桌面级3D打印机的整个流程对其工作能耗数据进行关联，建立了打印流程状态能耗分析模型以及时序关系的表达式，在此基础上建立了桌面级3D打印机BPMN能耗模型。再次，建立综合考虑打印效率、打印质量和打印能耗的熔融沉积3D打印工艺过程优化模型，并通过NSGA-II遗传算法对该模型进行优化求解。最后，以海贼王乔巴的模型为例，利用MATLAB对该模型进行多目标优化后选择出了一组较为理想的解，并通过本课题组自主研发的熔融沉积3D打印机进行打印。同时，利用高性能功率分析仪WT1800测出整个打印期间所消耗的电能，并与优化值进行比较，验证该多目标优化方案的可行性。关键词：3D打印；工艺过程；能耗模型；打印能耗；多目标优化AbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentof3Dprintingtechnology,FusedDepositionModeling(FDM)isoneofmanyprocessesin3Dprintingtechnology.Likeother3Dprintingtechnologies,itsgreenmanufacturingperformancehasreceivedextensiveattention.Tomakeamodelofthesamequality,3Dprintersconsumeabout50to100timesmoreenergythaninjectionmolding.Inaddition,duetothelimitationsoftheprincipleandtechnology,theuseofFDMtechnologytoprintplasticproductstakesalongtimeandthereisstillawasteofrawmaterials.Inthispaper,theenergyconsumptionoftheprocessofFusedDepositionModelingof3DprinterisanalyzedfromtheperspectiveoftheenergyconsumptionoftheFusedDepositionModeling3Dprinter,andthroughthethreeaspectsofprintingefficiency,printingqualityandprintingenergyconsumptiontostudiedandoptimized.Firstofall,introducethedevelopmentstatusof3Dprintersathomeandabroadandthecurrentresearchstatusof3Dprinters’energyconsumption,analyzethesignificanceoftheresearchonenergyconsumptionof3Dprinters’processandtheexitingproblems.Secondly,theanalysisisbasedon3Dprinterprintingsystem,andrefinetheenergyconsumptionofthemainfunctionmodulesofthe3Dprinterintoamechanicalpart,anelectronicpart,andasoftwarepart.Afteranalyzingthemainfunctionalmodulesofthe3Dprinter,amathematicalmodelforitsenergyconsumptionwasestablished.Inordertocorrelatetheworkingenergyconsumptiondataofthedesktop-level3Dprinter,anenergyconsumptionanalysismodeloftheprintingprocessstateandtheexpressionoftimingrelationshipsareestablished.Basedonthis,adesktop-level3DprinterBPMNenergyconsumptionmodelisestablished.Thirdly,establishedthemathematicalmodeloftheprintingefficiency,printingqualityandprintingenergyconsumptionoftheprocessofFusedDepositionModeling3Dprinting.Then,themathematicalmodelwasoptimizedbyNSGA-IIgeneticalgorithm.Finally,takingthemodelofOnePieceChowbaasanexample,afterusingMATLABtoperformmulti-objectiveoptimizationonthemodel,asetofmoreidealsolutionswasselected.AndthroughtheFusedDepositionModeling3DprinterindependentlydevelopedbyourgrouptoprintOnePieceChowba’smodel.Atthesametime,using...
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