摘要论文建立了蔬菜中11种农药多残留的气相色谱分析方法。对NY/T761-2008《蔬菜和水果中有机磷、有机氮、拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯类农药多残留的测定》标准的蔬菜前处理方法进行了改进，探讨了蔬菜基质对检测的影响。使用DB-17毛细管柱分离，FPD检测器进行检测。结果显示：11种有机磷农药分离效果好，在黄瓜、西红柿、生姜中的3个浓度添加水平，回收率为71.2%-117.9%，相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.1%-11.2%，最低检出限为0.005mg/kg-0.06mg/kg，保留时间为6.396min-19.400min。在各自限性范围内线性关系好（r>0.999）；使用40℃加热氮吹浓缩，可分别提高敌敌畏、甲拌磷回收率至95.00%和103.3%；在被测得13种蔬菜中，甘蓝、娃娃菜、上海青有少量杂峰影响农药检出；韭菜有大量的基质峰干扰农药检出。为了有效控制蔬菜农药残留提供科学依据，2009年9月至12月对天河区4家超市及1处农贸市场进行随机抽样检测，用气相色谱法测定其中的有机磷农药。共检测蔬菜样品64份，其中农药残留阳性的有10份，超标率为15.63%。叶菜类蔬菜合格率为71.43%，而瓜菜类、根茎类和茄果类全部合格。在11种标的农药中，检测出5种，其中3种为国家禁用农药。论文还研究了不同清洗方法对去除蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的影响。采用气相色谱法（GC）对经过不同方法浸泡处理的娃娃菜中敌敌畏和乐果的残留量进行分析，结果显示：除了超声波清洗之外，清水、洗涤剂以及食用碱均能不同程度的去除娃娃菜中残留的农药。其中斧牌洗洁精对敌敌畏和乐果两种农药残留的去除效果最佳，斧牌洗洁精对两种农药的去除率为分别为84.38%和76.11%。关键词：气相色谱（GC）；有机磷农药残留；蔬菜ABSTRACTMethodsweresetupfordeterminationof11organphosphoruspesticidesmulti-residueinvegetablesbygaschromatographyanddefinethescopeofapplicationofthismethodbyanalysisofvegetablematrix.VegetablepretreatmentmethodinstandardofNY/T761-2008wasmodifiedinthispaper,andDB-17capillarycolumnandflamephotometricdetector(FPD)wereused.Theresultshowedthat11organphosphoruspesticideswereseparatedfromeachother.Thefortifiedrecoveryof11pesticidesgainedfromcucumber,tomato,andgingerwiththreespikedlevelsrangedfrom71.2%to117.9%.TheRelativestandarddeviation(RSD)was2.1%to11.2%,theMinimumdetectionlimitofthemethodwas0.005~0.06mg/kgforDB-17column,andtheRetentiontimewas6.396to19.400minutes.Thecalibrationcurvesshowedgoodlinearitywithcorrelativecoefficientofmorethan0.999.Samplewasheatedupto40℃whenblewbynitrogen(N2),therecoveriesofDichlorovosandPhoratewouldenhanceto95.00%and103.3%respectively.Among13vegetablesdetected,greenpepper,babycabbageandshanghaigreenhaveseveralpeaksofmatrixtoimpactdetectionofpesticideresidueswhilegarlicchivewasfoundalargenumberofpeaksinterferewiththedetectionofpesticides.AsurveyoforganphosphoruspesticideinsixtyfourvegetablesamplescollectedrandomlyfromfoursupermarketsandonevegetablewholesalemarketofGuangzhoucitywascarriedoutfromSeptembertoDecemberin2009.Gaschromatographyanalysisfor11organphosphoruspesticideresiduesinthesamplesshowedthatthequalificationrateofleafvegetableswas71.43%,andnoinvestigatedpesticideresiduewasdetectedintheallexaminedtherawmelonsvegetables,therootvegetables,andthesolanaceousfruitvegetables.Fivekindsoforganphosphoruspesticidesweredetectedin10kindsofsamples(64samples)withthedisqualificationratebeingof15.63%,amongwhichthreeprohibitedpesticidesforplantingvegetablesaccordingtorelevantlawsweredetected.Forbiddenpesticideresiduewasdetectedwithrelativelyhighfrequencyinthevegetablesamples.TheeffectsofdifferentrinsingmethodsontheremovalratiooforganphosphoruspesticideresiduesfromBabycabbagewereinvestigated.Thegaschromatography(GC)wasusedtoanalyzethepesticideresidu...
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