文化背景知识和翻译[Abstract]Itisagreedthatlanguageisacomponentofcultureandreflectsit;translationisnotonlythelinguisticbutalsothecommunicationofcultures.Culturebackgroundknowledgeisconcernedwithgeographicchatacteristics,historical,tradition,socialcustoms,religionartsandotheraspectsofasociety.Alsoitconditionsthepsychologicalmake-upofindividuals.Therefore,targetlanguagereadersmayexperiencecultureshockfromtranslationsdonotproperlydealwiththefactorsofculturesasaresultoftheirlackofculturalbackgroundknowledge,Thispaperdiscussestheinfluenceofknowledgeofculturesontranslation,andconcludesthattranslatorsshouldhaveavastandpreciseunderstandingofthetwoculturesconcerned.[KeyWords]culture;translation;culturalbackgroundknowledge[摘要]语言不仅是文化的组成部分，也是文化的反映形式。翻译不仅仅是语言间的转换，而且是文化间的交流活动。文化背景知识涉及历史、地理特征、传统、社会风俗、宗教、艺术以及社会的各个方面。同时，文化背景知识也影响了社会成员的心理结构。因此，如果翻译者缺乏文化背景知识并因此不能恰当处理好原文中的文化因素，译文读者可能要面对激烈的文化冲击。本文将主要讨论译者文化背景知识对翻译的影响。最后得出结论：翻译者应该对相关的两种文化都有广泛而深入的认识。[关键词]文化；翻译；文化背景知识1.IntroductionAccordingtothetraditiontheoryoftranslation,peopleconsideredtranslatingactivitiesasaprocessoftransferbetweentwolanguages.Inthe1970s,thestudyoftranslationtendedtodevelopinseveraldirections.Itwasnolongerrestrictedtothetraditionaestheticandlinguisticstudyandbecomeculturalrethinking.AccordingtothetheoriesofMarySnell-Hornby,BassnettandLefevere,wecanconcludethattranslationistopresentinanotherculturethemeaningandimplicationthatthetexthasinaspecificculturalcontext.Innature,translationisakindofcommunicationbetweencultures.Duringtheprocessoftranslation,theinterpretationandexpressionoftheconnotationofcultureemergeasproblemstobesolvedatthefirstplace.Thatrequiresthetranslatorsnotonlyshouldhavebilingualabilitiesbutalsoshouldhavetheknowledgeoftwoculturesof,evenseveralcultures.In1993,Nidapointedoutthat,forthetrulysuccessfultranslation,theknowledgeoftwoculturesismoreimportantthanthebilingualability.[1]E.B.Tylor,ananthropologist,thoughtcultureisacomplicatedgathering,includingknowledge,belief,arts,moralstandards,law,customsandalltheabilitiesandhabitsofindividualsasmembersofasociety.[2]Thescopeofcultureisextremelywide-ranging.Languageisthereflectionofculture.Anykindoflanguagebasesonthegroundofcertainculture.So,theculturalcharacteristicsoflanguageincludethewayofthinking,psychologicalmake-up,historical,tradition,socialcustoms,believesandgeographicfeaturesthatthelanguagereflects.Tounderstandthesourcelanguageandtheoriginaltext,translatorshavetoanalyzethoseculturalcharacteristicsofalanguage.2.CultureandlanguageCultureisacomplicatedsystemincludingandinfluencingalmostalltheaspectsoflifeinasociety.Thelanguagethatthesocietyusesisnoexception.However,languagealsoinfluencesculture.Languageandcultureinfluenceseachotherandreflectseachother.2.1CultureandlanguageE.B.Tylor,ananthropologist,saidthatcultureisacomplicatedcombinationincludingknowledge,belief,arts,ethics,laws,customsandtheabilityandhabitsofindividualsasmembersofasociety.Hereknowledgereferstoacademicsubjects,bothscientificandnotscientific,forexample,mathematicsandlinguistics.Beliefcouldbedividedintotwosorts,politicalandreligious,whicharedifferentamongpeoplesandoftenc...
