摘要MK9524全自动铲稍机是加工丝锥的专用机床，其动态性能对丝锥加工精度有着密不可分的影响。作为全自动铲稍机的核心部件之一，砂轮主轴系统的振动同样是机床振动的主要源头之一，在磨削过程中如果主轴出现较大幅度的振动，将使得砂轮产生剧烈磨损甚至破裂，严重降低磨削加工精度和工件表面质量，缩短磨床使用寿命，故砂轮主轴系统必须具有良好的抗振性能，能够满足刚度、强度和加工精度的要求，因此有必要对铲稍机主轴系统进行动态特性测试与分析。本文以铲稍机砂轮主轴为研究目标，从提高主轴系统性能入手，利用有限元仿真分析、建立主轴数学模型和主轴试验测试三者结合，对砂轮主轴系统的动态特性进行了研究。论文主要研究工作如下：（1）依据铲稍机砂轮主轴的实际工作情况和结构参数，利用solidworks建立砂轮主轴的三维模型。使用ANSYSWorkbench软件，对砂轮主轴进行静态特性分析，通过对主轴尾端径向变形的计算来确定砂轮主轴的静刚度。（2）将砂轮主轴三维实体模型导入分析软件中完成砂轮主轴模型的模态分析，并得到各阶主振型和固有频率，并根据分析结果求出各阶频率相应的主轴临界转速；对其进行谐响应分析，将砂轮主轴所受力最大的法向切削力作为砂轮主轴的激振力，设定好求解频率，对其求解，得出砂轮主轴前、中和尾部的位移频响图。（3）建立铲稍机砂轮主轴的弹性动力学模型，按照机械振动原理对砂轮主轴模型进行简化，简化为简支梁模型。（4）构建砂轮主轴试验模态测试系统，对砂轮和主轴系统固有频率进行测试，将测试结果与有限元分析结果进行对比，验证有限元模拟的准确性，为砂轮主轴系统的结构参数优化设计提供了数据和优化方向。关键词：砂轮主轴；动态特性；有限元；模态分析；谐响应分析Abstract：MK9524automaticscraperisaspecialmachinetoolforprocessingtaps.Itsdynamicperformancehasaninseparableimpactontheprocessingaccuracyoftaps.Asoneofthecorepartsoftheautomaticshovelmachine,thevibrationofthegrindingwheelspindlesystemisalsooneofthemainsourcesofmachinevibration.Ifthespindlevibratesgreatlyinthegrindingprocess,itwillcauseseverewearandevenruptureofthegrindingwheel,seriouslyreducethegrindingaccuracyandsurfacequalityoftheworkpiece,andshortenthegrindingmachine.Itisnecessarytotestandanalyzethedynamiccharacteristicsofthegrindingwheelspindlesystembecauseithasgoodvibrationresistanceandcanmeettherequirementsofstiffness,strengthandmachiningaccuracy.Inthispaper,thedynamiccharacteristicsofgrindingwheelspindlesystemarestudiedwiththeaimofimprovingtheperformanceofgrindingwheelspindlesystem,combiningthefiniteelementsimulationanalysis,theestablishmentofspindlemathematicalmodelandspindletest.Themainresearchworkisasfollows:(1)Accordingtotheactualworkingconditionsandstructuralparametersofthegrindingwheelspindleoftheshovel,thethree-dimensionalmodelofthegrindingwheelspindleisestablishedbyusingsolidworks.ThestaticcharacteristicsofgrindingwheelspindleareanalyzedbyANSYSWorkbenchsoftware,andthestaticstiffnessofgrindingwheelspindleiscalculatedbyradialdeformationofspindletailend.(2)Thethree-dimensionalsolidmodelofthegrindingwheelspindleisimportedintoANSYSWorkbenchsoftware,andthemodalanalysisiscarriedouttoobtainthenaturalfrequenciesandcorrespondingvibrationmodesofthespindle,andthecriticalspeedofthegrindingwheelspindlecorrespondingtoeachorderoffrequencyisobtained;theharmonicresponseanalysisiscarriedouttotakethemaximumdiscoveredcuttingforceofthegrindingwheelspindleasthegrindingwheel.Theexcitingforceofthespindleissolvedbysettingthesolutionfrequency,andthedisplacementfrequencyresponsediagramofthefront,middleandtailofthegrindingwheelspindleisobtained.(3)Theelasticdynamicmodelofthegrindingwheelspindleofascraperisest...
