桑叶中多糖的提取与分析方法的研究摘要随着科学技术的飞速发展和生活水平的日益提高,人们对于天然保健营养品越来越重视,而天生就具有美誉的“神仙草”——桑叶,便逐渐走入了人们的视野中,随着其市场的兴起,不少科学家、研究人员对桑叶进行了多方面的研究。研究表明:桑叶作为一种天然保健营养品,其有效成分较多,如黄酮、多糖、DNJ等等。本文将多角度、深层次的对桑叶中的多糖成分进行剖析。笔者首先通过文献资料查阅,熟悉了国内外对桑叶中多糖的研究较为权威结果,通过对比笔者将选取了苯酚-硫酸法检测多糖的含量。桑叶中多糖的提取采用热水浸提法,也就是常说的水提法,根据之前查阅资料显示,水提法在桑叶提取多糖实验中出现的频率最多。确定出最佳的水提法提取工艺条件为提取温度为80℃,提取时间为2h,提取次数为2次,提取时的液固比为30:1,在上述假定情况下,提取得到的粗糖约0.306g,占桑叶总重的6.12%;之后进行超声提取法的实验,设置超声提取功率,超声提取时间和提取液固比这三个单因素变量,确定出最佳的超声提取工艺条件为超声提取功率为300w,超声提取时间为25min,提取的液固比为20:1,此时提取制得的粗糖产物为0.446g,占桑叶总重8.92%;接着笔者将对基于最佳的实验条件下提取的粗糖进行去除杂质、提高纯度,首先在粗糖中加10%的三氯乙酸溶液除去产物中的蛋白质,再静置过滤,减压浓缩,加入95%的乙醇后静置过滤,将沉淀烘干后得到多糖产物,紧接着再用活性炭对多糖产物进行去色,之后再使用醇沉法提纯,笔者通过多次使用各不相同浓度的乙醇进行沉淀,实验表明,当且仅当乙醇浓度为80%时,沉淀的效果最佳,且能获得质量最多的多糖精品,称重得32.19mg,得率为10.52%;最后一步,将多糖精品溶解在0.5L的蒸馏水中,同配置葡萄糖标准曲线一样的步骤测定其在490nm处的吸光度为0.6201,进而算出多糖精品中的多糖质量为12.5mg,经过测定计算,其多糖含量为38.8%。关键词:桑叶,多糖,紫外分光光度计,超声提取AbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandtheimprovementoflivingstandards,peoplearepayingmoreandmoreattentiontonaturalhealthnutritionproducts.Naturally,Mulberry,anaturaldrug,hasattractedpeople’sinterest.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtoStartthestudy.Therearemanyactiveingredientsinmulberryleaves,suchasbrass,DNJ,andpolysaccharides.Thisarticlewillstudythepolysaccharides.Throughunderstandingtheresearchbackgroundandstatusquoathomeandabroad,thephenol-sulfuricacidmethodwasusedtodetectthecontentofpolysaccharide.Theextractionofpolysaccharidesfrommulberryleavesuseshotwaterextraction,whichisoftenreferredtoaswaterextraction.Itisacommonlyusedmethodforextractingpolysaccharidesfrommulberryleaves.Theoptimumextractionconditionsforwaterextractionweredeterminedastheextractiontemperaturewas80°C,theextractiontimewas2h,theextractionfrequencywas2times,andtheliquid-solidratioatthetimeofextractionwas30:1.Atthistime,thecrudesugarproductobtainedwas0.306.g,theextractionratewas6.12%;aftertheultrasonicextractionexperiment,theultrasonicextractionpower,ultrasonicextractiontimeandextractionliquidsolidratioweresetasthethreesinglefactorvariablestodeterminethebestultrasonicextractionprocessconditionsforultrasonicextractionpower.300w,theultrasonicextractiontimeis25min,theliquid-to-solidratiois20:1,thecrudesugarproductobtainedatthistimeis0.446g,theextractionrateis8.92%;andthebestrawsugarproductunderthewaterextractionprocessconditionsisselectedtocarryoutInadditiontoimpuritypurification,theproteinintheproductisfirstremovedbyaddinga10%trichloroaceticacidsolution,thenallowedtostandforfiltration,andconcentratedunderreducedpressure.After95%ethanolisadded,itislefttostandforfiltration,andtheprecipitateisdriedtoobtainapolysac...