Title：LanguagetransferonSLAAbstractTheessayaimstoinvestigatehowthelanguagetransferinfluencetheprocessofSLA,inthefieldofSLAresearch,languagetransferhaslongbeenacontroversialresearchsubject.itwasinitiallyassociatedwithbehavioristtheoriesoflanguagelearningandwasseenasanimpediment.ItwasconsideredtoonlyhindertheacquisitionofaL2.However,thedevelopmentofInterlanguageTheoryandtheflourishingofpsycholinguisticshavefinallyrecognizedthesignificanceoftheroleoftheL1inSLA.Learner'sL1isviewedasaresourcewhichthelearneractivelydrawsininterlanguagedevelopment.ThepositiveroleoflanguagetransferinSLAhasbeengraduallyacknowledged.Basedonthis,itwillmakeaexplorationofbothpositiveandnegativetransferbetweentheL1andtheL2throughlearner'sinterlanguage.Keywords:languagetransfer;positivetransfer;negativetransfer;secondlanguageacquisition(SLA)1.Languagetransfer1.1DefinitionsoflanguagetransferLanguagetransfertookitsrootintheTransferTheoryinpsychology.Psychologistsdefined'transfer'asatypeoflearningactivitiesbywhichlearners'previouslyacquiredknowledgeaboutthelearningskillswillinfluencetheoutcomeoftheirlearningortrainingbehavior.Theymaintainthattransfercanbebothbebothpositiveandnegative.Behavioristsdefinedtransferasaconsequenceofhabitformation,whichimpliestheextinctionofthelearner'sprimarylanguagewhenheorsheislearningthenewlanguage.However,itisnowwidelyacceptedthattheinfluenceofthelearner;snativelanguagecannotbeadequatelyaccountedforintermsofhabitformation.Noristransfersimplyamatterofinterferenceoroffallingbackonthenativelanguage.Norisitjustaquestionoftheinfluenceofthelearner'snativelanguage,asotherpreviouslyacquired'second'languagescanalsohaveaneffect(Ellis,1994).Thissuggeststhattheterm'L1transfer'itselfisinadequate.Somescholarshaveadvocatedabandoningthetermorusingitinhighlyrestrictedways.SharwoodandKellerman(1986)havearguedthatasuperordinatetermthatistheory-neutralisneededandsuggestcrosslinguisticinfluence.Theycomment:theterm'crosslinguisticinfluence'istheory-neutral,allowingonetosubsumeunderoneheadingsuchphenomenaas'transfer','interference','avoidance','borrowing'andL2-relatedaspectsoflanguagelossandthuspermittingdiscussionofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthesephenomena.(1986:1)Odlin(1989)offersthis'workingdefinition'oftransferasbasisforhisownthoughtfultreatmentofsuchpehenomena:transferistheinfluenceresultingfromthesimilaritiesandthedifferencesbetweenthetargetlanguageandanyotherlanguagethathasbeenpreviouslyacquired91989;27).Manyresearchersdisapproveoftheterm"languagetransfer",andprefer"mothertongueinfluence"proposedbyCorder(1983）or"cross-linguisticinfluence"byKellermaninstead.However,wewillsticktotheterm"languagetransfer"throughoutthisthesis,partlybecauseofitsconvenience,andpartlybecauseofitsfamiliaritytomostpeople,withtheunderstandingthathere"Languagetransfer"isusedinitsbroadsense,notrestrictedtothebehavioristnotion.1.2ThemanifestationsofLanguageTransferIntraditionalaccountsoflanguagetransfer,theresearchfocuswasplacedontheerrorsthatlearnersproduce.Errorsoccurredasaresultofthenegativetransferofmothertonguepatternsintolearn'sL2(Ellis,1994).Itispossibletoidentifyanumberofothermanifestationsoftransferhowever,threeofwhicharefrequentlydiscussedbytransferresearchers:negativetransfer,positivetransfer.1.2.1.Negativetransfer(errors)Negativetransfer,alsoknownasinterference,istheuseofaL1patternorrulewhichhea...
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