摘要随着全球范围内人口老龄化问题的日益严重，如何更好地解决护理老年人产生的费用和负担等问题得到了越来越多的关注，在此背景下长期护理保险应运而生。人口老龄化问题最早产生于欧美各发达国家，因此长期护理保险在发达国家起步较早，经过几十年的发展，现已成为发达国家减轻人口老龄化负担的有效手段。我国在2000年正式进入人口老龄化阶段，且我国人口老龄化问题具有老龄化速度快、老龄人口基数大、失能人口数量多、未富先老、未备先老等特点。由于国内家庭规模日趋小型化，家庭养老功能不断弱化，医疗护理费用不断上涨等因素，对失能老人的照料、护理及相关费用已成为一个比较严重的社会问题。因此，长期护理保险的发展对我国显得尤为重要。然而我国现阶段的商业性长期护理保险存在着保障不充分、与养老保险产品区分度低等问题与发达国家之间还有很大的差距，难以满足我国消费者的需求。因此，如何使我国商业性长期护理保险取得突破性发展无疑是一个亟需探讨的问题。本文首先讨论的是如何定义长期护理保险，然后从给付方式、保障内容等角度介绍了长期护理保险的特征。之后以此为理论基础，分析了我国商业性长期护理保险的发展现状，并结合具体产品对我国商业险护理保险产品存在的问题进行了阐述。接下来，本文对长期护理保险在发达国家的发展情况做出了概述，介绍了长期护理保险的两种主流发展模式，然后重点讨论美国长期护理保险的经验借鉴以及对我国的启示。针对之前提出的我国商业性长期护理保险存在不足和问题，本文在最后从保险公司和政府两个角度，对我国商业性长期护理保险的发展提出了相应的建议。关键词：长期护理保险；商业性；人口老龄化AbstractWiththeagingofpopulationbecomingmoreandmoreseriouslyworldwide,howtosolvetheproblemoftakinglong-termcareoftheoldanditscostgetsmoreattention,inthisbackground,long-termcareinsurancecameintobeingasthetimesrequire.Thistrendfirstemergedinmoreeconomicallydevelopedcountries,consequentlylong-termcareinsurancestartedearlyinthesecountries.Afterdevelopmentofdecades,ithasbecomeanefficientresortfordevelopedcountiestorelievethepressurethatagingpopulationposes.Chinahasenteredtheagingsocietyin2000.Thisproblemhasthesefollowingfeatures:alargenumberofelderlypopulations,fastgrowingofelderlypopulations,lotsoftheoldwhohavedisabilityofdifferentdegreesandaheadofeconomicdevelopment.What’smore,consideringtheminiaturizationtendencyoffamilies,thefunctionofagingcare‘sdeclinetogetherwiththeriseofmedicalandcareexpenses,thedevelopmentoflong-termcareinsuranceiscriticallyimportanttoourcountry.However,therearefewreallong-termcareinsuranceproductsinChineseinsurancemarket,whichfailtoprovideenoughguaranteeandhavefewdifferencewithendowmentinsuranceproducts,thusunabletosatisfytheoldagecrowd'sdemand.Hence,howtomakeabreakthroughinlong-termcareinsurancedevelopmentdefinitelyisanurgentproblemthatremainstobediscussed.First,thisarticleidentifiedlong-termcareinsuranceandintroduceditscharacteristicsfromthemethodsofpayment,contentsofinsuranceaswellasotheraspects,andonthisbasis,itanalyzedthelong-termcaredevelopmentofourcountry.Then,combiningwithspecificproducts,thearticlepointedoutthedeficienciesoflong-termcareinsuranceproductsinourcountry’smarket.Next,thearticlesketchedoutthedevelopmentoflong-termcareinsuranceindevelopedcountries,summarizedtwomainstreampatternsandmainlydiscussedwhatwecanlearnfromAmericansuccessindevelopingcommerciallong-termcareinsurance.Finally,aimedatthedeficienciesofourcountry’scommerciallong-termcareinsurance,thisarticlegavesuggestionsforitsdevelopmentfromthetwoperspectivesofgovernmentandinsurancecompany.Keywords:long-termcareinsurance;commercialism;theagingofpo...
