英汉习语对比及其翻译【Abstract】Idiomsaretheessenceofalanguage,whichhavestrongnationalcolorsanddistinctiveculturalconnotations.SoitisdifficultforbothEnglishandChinesereaderstounderstandtheidiomtranslationthoroughlyandexactly.ThisthesisfirstanalyzesthesimilarityofEnglishandChineseidiomsfromtheaspectofrhetoricalmeans,suchasalliteration,rhyme,repetition,antithesisandsoon.ThenitprobesintothecausesofthedifferencesinEnglishandChineseidiomsfromtheaspectsofdifferentlivingcircumstances,differentcognitionsofthings,differentreligionsandbeliefs,anddifferenthistoricalallusionsandmyths,etc.Afterthat,ittalksaboutthethreetypicalproblemsinEnglish-Chineseidiomtranslation,suchasinterpretingtheEnglishidiomstooliterally,copyingChinesecustomarysayingsmechanically,andlackinginnecessaryexplanatorynotes.Finally,itsummarizesfiveidiomtranslationmethods,includingliteraltranslationwithexplanation,literaltranslationwithassociation,transformationofmeanings,applicationofChinesecoupletandequalconsiderationofbothimagesandmeanings.Allthesignificanceofthisthesisistoconveytheidioms’culturalinformationasmuchaspossible,whichisveryusefulforthelanguagelearning.【KeyWords】idiom;comparison;translation【摘要】习语通常包括成语、俗语、格言、歇后语、谚语、俚语、行话等。其表现形式音节优美，音律协调，或含蓄幽默，或严肃典雅，言简意赅，形象生动，妙趣横生，给人一种美的享受。习语是语言的精华，它带有浓厚的民族色彩和鲜明的文化内涵。因此对英语读者和汉语读者来说，做到彻底精确地理解蕴含深刻文化内涵的习语的翻译是相对比较困难的。本文首先从修辞手法方面分析了英汉习语的相似性，然后分别从生存环境、对事物的认知、历史典故、宗教信仰等四个不同方面来比较和分析英汉习语存在的巨大差异，接着概括了英汉习语互译中存在的典型问题，，最后，本文侧重探索了英汉习语互译的最佳方法，包括直译加解释、直译加联想、意译改造法、采用汉语对联的形式，形象意义兼顾法等五种手段。整篇论文的意义在于最大限度地传递习语中的文化信息，对语言学习具有重大指导意义。【关键字】习语；对比；翻译1.IntroductionIdiomsaretheessenceofalanguage,whicharealwaysphilosophicalandeternal.AccordingtoOxfordAdvantagedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionary,anidiomis“aphraseorsentencewhosemeaningisnotclearfromthemeaningofitsindividualwordsandwhichmustbelearntasawholeunit”.“Inthebroadsense,idiomsmayinclude:setphrases;proverbs;sayings;epigrams;slangexpressions;colloquialisms;quotations;two-partallegoricalsayings,ofwhichthefirstpart,alwaysstated,isdescriptive,whilethesecondpart,sometimesunstated,carriesthemessage(chieflyinChinese).WhileinChinese,idiomsarecalledas‘熟语’,including:短语，成语(usuallyconsistingoffourwords),俗语，谚语，格言，箴言，名言(quotationorrecordedutterance)，警句，隽语，俚语，粗话，行话，歇后语(includingpun),习语,etc.”[1]However,thethesiswilldiscussEnglishandChineseidiomsinanarrowsense,andonlysetphrasesandproverbswillbeunderdiscussion.EnglishidiomsandChineseidiomsaregemsofthetwolanguagesaswellasthecrystallizationofthetwonationalcultures.Mostofidiomsareofvividimageswhichareappropriatelyusedtocomparetootherthings,consequently,theyoftencontaindistinctivenationalandlocalcolors.Someidiomshavequiteclearmeanings,someareimplicitandprofound,whichcouldcauseagreatdealofassociation,whileothersmayincludeseveralmeanings,whichdependonthecontexttodefineitsrealindication.BothEnglishandChineseidiomsareimportantrhetoricalmeansinlanguageaswellastheassembledmanifestationsofdifferentkindsofrheto...
