Chapter1IntroductiontoThermalScience第一章热科学基础Acousticflowmeter声波流量计Corrugatedfin波状散热片Adiabatic[]绝热的Crossproduct矢量积Aerodynamics空气动力学Denominator分母Affiliation联系Developedflow充分发展流Airfoil机翼，螺旋桨Diffusion扩散Alternative替代燃料Dopplereffect多普勒效应Anemometer风速计Double-pipeheatexchanger套管式换热器Angularspeed角速度Drysaturatedvapor干饱和蒸汽Areadensity表面密度Electrode电极Baffle挡板Electrolyte电解，电解液Bifurcation分形Electrostatic静电的Blackbody黑体Emissivity发射率Blade浆叶，叶片Equilibrium平衡Boiler锅炉Fluidmechanics流体力学Boundarylayer边界层Forcedconvection强制对流CarnotCycle卡诺循环Freeconvection自然对流Cartesiancoordinates笛卡尔坐标系Frictionloss摩擦损失CelsiusDegree摄氏度Glassceramic微晶玻璃，玻璃陶瓷Compactheatexchanger紧凑式换热器Heatengine热机Composition成分，合成物Heatpump热泵Compressedliquid压缩液体Hydrofoil水翼Compressibility可压缩性，压缩率Hypersonicspeed高超音速Condensation凝结Infinitesimal无穷小的Condenser冷凝器Inflating/deflating充气/压缩Conduction导热Internalcombustionengine内燃机Controlvolume控制体Isentropic等熵的Convection对流Isobaric等压的Coriolis-accelarationflowmeter科氏加速流量计Isolatedsystem孤立体系的Isometric等容的Rough-walltube粗糙管Isothermal等温的Saturation饱和Kinematicviscosity运动黏度Shearstress剪切力、切应力Laminar层流Shell-and-tubeheatexchanger管壳式换热器Manuscript手稿，原稿Specificvolume比容Moisture湿度，水分Steady稳态的，定常的Molecule(化学)分子Stiflingengine斯特林机Moltenpolymer熔融聚合物Strainrate变形速度，应变率Muti-disciplinary多学科的Streamline流线NewtonianFluid牛顿流体Strut支撑，支柱Nominaltemperaturegradient法向温度梯度Subcooledliquid过冷液体Numerator（数学）分子Superheatedvapor过热蒸汽Parallelflow平行流动，并流Surrounding环境，外界Pathline迹线Thermalconductivity热传导率Phasechange相变Thermalefficiency热效率Planeflow平面流，二元流Thermodynamics热力学Plateandflameheatexchanger板式换热器Torsional扭力的，扭转的Polymersolution胶浆Trailingedge机翼后缘、尾缘Proof校样Transmitter传送装置、发送器Propeller螺旋桨，推进器Turbinemeter涡轮流量计Pump泵Turbulent湍流的Qulity干度Ultrosonic超声波的Qusi-equilibrium准平衡、准静态Uniformflow均匀刘Radiation辐射Vacuum真空RankinCycle朗肯循环Viewfactor角系数Regenerativeheatexchanger蓄热/再生式换热器Viscous黏性的Reservoir水库，蓄水池Cortexshedding漩涡脱落Reversible可逆的Waterfaucet水龙头，水嘴Rotameter转子流量计BiBiotnumber比澳数NPSH汽蚀余量CFD计算流体力学NTU传热单元数CHF临界热流量Nu努谢尔特数COP制冷系数PE势能Eu欧拉数Pr普朗特数Fo富立叶数Ra瑞利数Fr弗劳德数Re雷诺数Gr格拉晓夫数Sc施密特数KE动能St斯坦顿数，斯特劳哈数LMTD对数平均温差We韦伯数1.1FundamentalofEngineeringThermodynamics1.1工程热力学基础Thermodynamicsisascienceinwhichthestorage,transformationandtransferofenergyarestudied.Energyisstoredasinternalenergy(associatedwithtemperature),kineticenergy(dutomotion),potentialenergy(duetoelevation)andchemicalenergy(duetochemicalcomposition);itistransformedfromoneoftheseformstoanother;anditistransferredacrossaboundaryaseitherheatorwork.热力学是一门研究能量储存、转换及传递的科学。能量以内能（与温度有关）、动能（由物体运动引起）、势能（由高度引起）和化学能（与化学组成相关）的形式储存。不同形式的能量可以相互转化，而且能量在边界上可以以热和功的形式进行传递。Inthermodynamics,wewillderiveequationsthatrelatethetransformationsandtransfersofenergytopropertiessuchastemperature,press...
