现在完成时的用法have(has)+过去分词(done)1.现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生活或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.Ihavelostmywallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Janehaslaidthetable.(含义是:已可以吃饭了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(含义是:现在已在此地)2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.3.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,lately等:Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet4.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijingIhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.5.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,thismorning/week/month/year,now,just,today,uptopresent,sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.Manhasnowlearnedtoreleaseenergyfromthenucleusoftheatom.TherehasbeetoomuchraininSanFranciscothisyear.Thefriendlyrelationsandcooperationbetweenourtwocountrieshavebeenenhancedinthepastfewyears.Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.6.现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性.ThomashasstudiedRussian.(现在不再学俄语)ThomashasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.(=ThomasbegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.(同第2点用法第一个例句)7.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.
