第二节燃烧热能源同步测试一、选择题1.在相同条件下,燃烧时对大气污染程度最小的燃料是()A.液化气B.煤油C.煤球D.木柴2.下列说法错误的是()A.化石燃料在任何条件下都能燃烧B.化石燃料在燃烧过程中能产生污染环境的CO、SO2等有害气体C.直接燃烧煤不如将煤进行深加工后再燃烧的效果好D.固体煤变成气态燃料后,燃烧效率将提高3.已知1gC完全燃烧时放出32.79KJ热量,则C的燃烧热是()A.32.79KJB.32.79KJ/molC.393.5KJ/molD.393.5KJ4.已知葡萄糖的燃烧热是2804kJ/mol,当它氧化生成1g水时放出的热量是()A.26.0kJB.51.9kJC.155.8kJD.467.3kJ5.已知在1×105Pa,298K条件下,2mol氢气燃烧生成水蒸气放出484kJ热量,下列热化学方程式正确的是()A.H2O(g)=H2(g)+1/2O2(g)ΔH=+242kJ·mol-1B.2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(l)ΔH=-484kJ·mol-1C.H2(g)+1/2O2(g)=H2O(g)ΔH=+242kJ·mol-1D.2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g)ΔH=+484kJ·mol-16.在100g碳不完全燃烧所得气体中,CO占1/3,CO2占2/3,且C(s)+1/2O2(g)=CO(g);△H=-110.35kJ/molCO(g)+1/2O2(g)=CO2(g);△H=-282.57kJ/mol,与这些碳完全燃烧相比,损失的热量是()A.392.92kJB.2489.44kJC.784.92kJD.3274.3kJ7.沼气是一种能源,它的主要成分是CH4,0.5molCH4完全燃烧生成CO2和H2O时,放出445kJ热量,则下列热化学方程式中正确的是()A.2CH4(g)+4O2(g)=2CO2(g)+4H2O(l)ΔH=+890kJ·mol-1B.CH4(g)+2O2(g)=CO2(g)+2H2O(l)ΔH=+890kJ·mol-1C.CH4(g)+2O2(g)=CO2(g)+2H2O(l)ΔH=-890kJ·mol-1D.1/2CH4(g)+O2(g)=1/2CO2(g)+H2O(l)ΔH=-890kJ·mol-18.已知在25℃,101kPa下,1gC8H18(辛烷)燃烧生成二氧化碳和液态水时放出48.40kJ热量。表示上述反应的热化学方程式正确的是()A.C8H18(l)+O2(g)=8CO2(g)+9H2O(g);ΔH=-48.40kJ·mol-1B.C8H18(l)+O2(g)=8CO2(g)+9H2O(l);ΔH=-5518kJ·mol-1C.C8H18(l)+O2(g)=8CO2(g)+9H2O(l);ΔH=+5518kJ·mol-1D.C8H18(l)+O2(g)=8CO2(g)+9H2O(l);ΔH=-48.40kJ·mol-19.在一定条件下,CO和CH4燃烧的热化学方程式为:CO(g)+1/2O2=CO2(g);△H=-283KJ/molCH4(g)+2O2=CO2(g)+2H2O(g);△H=-890KJ/mol,现有4molCO和CH4组成的混合气体在上述条件下完全燃烧时,释放的热量为2953KJ,则CO和CH4的体积比()A.1:3B.3:1C.1:2D.2:110.25℃、101kPa下,碳、氢气、甲烷和葡萄糖的燃烧热依次是393.5kJ/mol、285.8kJ/mol、890.3kJ/mol、2800kJ/mol,则下列热化学方程式正确的是()A.C(s)+O2(g)=CO(g);△H=-393.5kJ/molB.2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g);△H=+571.6kJ/molC.CH4(g)+2O2(g)=CO2(g)+2H2O(g);△H=-890.3kJ/molD.1/2C6H12O6(s)+3O2(g)=3CO2(g)+3H2O(l);△H=-1400kJ/mol11.已知充分燃烧ag乙炔气体时生成1mol二氧化碳气体和液态水,并放出热量bkJ,则乙炔燃烧的热化学方程式正确的是()A.2C2H2(g)+5O2(g)=4CO2(g)+2H2O(l);△H=-4bkJ/molB.C2H2(g)+O2(g)=2CO2(g)+H2O(l);△H=2bkJ/molC.2C2H2(g)+5O2(g)=4CO2(g)+2H2O(l);△H=-2bkJ/molD.2C2H2(g)+5O2(g)=4CO2(g)+2H2O(l);△H=bkJ/mol12.甲醇质子交换膜燃料电池中将甲醇蒸气转化为氢气的两种反应原理是①CH3OH(g)+H2O(g)=CO2(g)+3H2(g);△H=+49.0kJ·mol-1②CH3OH(g)+1/2O2(g)=CO2(g)+2H2(g);△H=-192.9kJ·mol-1下列说法正确的是()A.CH3OH的燃烧热为192.9kJ·mol-1B.反应①中的能量变化如右图所示C.CH3OH转变成H2的过程一定要吸收能量D.根据②推知反应:CH3OH(l)+1/2O2(g)=CO2(g)+2H2(g)的△H>-192.9kJ·mol-1二、填空题13.家用液化气中主要成分之一是丁烷。在101kPa时,10kg丁烷完全燃烧生成CO2和H2O放出热量5×105kJ,丁烷的燃烧热为_________,丁烷燃烧的热化学方程式为_____________________。14.已知在101kPa时,CO的燃烧热为283kJ/mol。相同条件下,若2molCH4完全燃烧生成液态水,所放出的热量...