句子成分英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1.名词2.代词3.数词4.名词化的形容词(如therich)5•不定式6•动名词7•主语从句等表示。Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.Thatheisn'tathomeisnottrue.改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因。Hefailedtheexamisthereasonwhyhedroppedout.Thatwhyhewaslateforschoolwasthathismotherwasill.Beyondthemountainslieasmallvillage.GoneisthedayswhenIhadtogotoschoolonfoot.Playbasketballismyfavoritesport.GiveupEnglishisnotanoption.谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.Mysisteriscryingoverthere.Ihavebeenwaitingforyouallthetime.Iwouldstayathomeallday.由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。如：Wearestudents.Yourideasoundsgreat.表语表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.Isityours?Theweatherhasturnedcold.Thespeechisexciting.Threetimessevenistwentyone.HisjobistoteachEnglish.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.Themachinemustbeunderrepairs.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.宾语宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介词结构。Theyplantedmanytreesyesterday.(Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?)Ihavefive.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Iwantedtobuyacar.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等)+宾语+宾宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。HisfathernamedhimDongming.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Letthefreshairin.Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.Wesawherenteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.Iwantyourhomeworkdoneontime.主补对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。在英语中，许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的。Thenextmanisascientist.1.形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。Themannexttomeisascientist.（我旁边的那个人）2.副词用作定语一般要后置。Peoplethereareveryfriendly.（那儿的人们）Hedidn'tlikethemandownstairs.（楼下的那个人）3.介词短语作定语时要后置。Theboy...
