人工智能的未来（双语）附篇：人工智能对人类的机遇与挑战（共两篇）Forthepastfewmonths,artificialintelligence(AI)hasbeenamuchtalkedabouttopicintheworldsofbothpopcultureandscience.LastNovembersawthereleaseofOscar-nominatedandwinningbiopic,TheImitationame,aboutthefatherofthemoderncomputer,AlanTuring.Lastmonth,anotherHollywoodfilmaboutcleverrobots,Chappie,hittheaters.AndhereinChina,searchenginegiantBaidufounderandCEOLiYanhongthrewoutaboldproposalattheChinesePeoplesPoliticalConsultativeConferenee.LisvisionisaprojectcalledChinaBrain,aimingtomakeChinatheworldleaderindevelopingartificialintelligencesystems.就在短短的几个月间，人工智能成为了流行文化和科学界的热门话题。去年11月上映的《模仿游戏》就是关于现代计算机之父艾伦・图灵的一部传记电影；该片获得奥斯卡多项提名，并最终拿下获奖。上个月，好莱坞另一部关于智能机器人的影片《超能查派》也登陆(北美)各大院线。在中国，百度创始人兼CEO李彦宏则在人民政协会议上提出了大胆的提案，建议建设“中国大脑”，意在使中国成为人工智能系统的世界领跑者。Isartificialintelligenceaboonordoesitspelldoomforhumans?IntheirbookTheSecondMachineAge:Work,Progress,andProsperityinaTimeofBrilliantTechnologies,authorsErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfee,bothofwhomhailfromMIT,US,couldbarelyhidetheirexcitementtowardtheriseofmachines.对人类来说，人工智能到底是福音还是丧钟？立克・布林约尔弗森与安德鲁・麦凯菲均来自美国麻省理工学院，他们在著作《第二次机器革命：数字化技术将如何改变我们的经济与社会》中都表达出对于机械崛起难掩的兴奋。Accordingtotheauthors,weareenteringanageofaccelerateddevelopmentofartificialandrobotictechnology.igitalmachineshaveescapedtheirnarrowconfinesandstartedtodemonstratebroadabilitiesinpatternrecognition,complexcommunication,andotherdomainsthatusedtobeexclusivelyhuman,writetheauthors・Weverecentlyseengreatprogressinnaturallanguageprocessing,machinelearning(theabilityofacomputertoautomaticallyrefineitsmethodsandimproveitsresultsasitgetsmoredata),computervision,simultaneouslocalizationandmapping,andmanyotherareas.这两位作者认为，我们正在迎来一个人工智能和机器人技术加速发展的时代。他们写道：“数字机器不再局限于狭小的范围，而是开始在更广泛的领域里大放异彩，模式识别，复杂交流以及其他曾经只专属人类的领域里都有了它的身影。近年来，自然语言处理、机器学习(计算机在获取更多数据后自动改进算法、提高计算结果的能力)、计算机视觉，同步定位、测绘等诸多领域也取得了长足发展。”“Weregoingtoseeartificialintelligeneedomoreandmore,andasthishappenscostswillgodown,outcomeswillimprove,andourliveswillgetbetter.“我们将会看到人工智能完成越来越多的事务，而成本却日益下降、产出不断提高，我们的生活也将变得越来越好。”Brightorbleakfuture?前途光明抑或暗淡？AlreadyAIcanhelpblindpeopleseeanddeafpeoplehear.Andwheelchairshavebeeninventedthatcanbecontrolledbythoughts.WearegoingtowitnessmoreinnovationsandwondersmadepossiblebyAI,accordingtotheauthors.在人工智能的帮助下，盲人可看，聋人可听，轮椅可通过思想控制因此，该书的作者们还认为，我们将见证人工智能带来的更多创新与奇迹。However,notallareequallyenthusiasticaboutAI.AFebruaryreportfromtheGlobalChallengesFoundationlistedAI,alongsideextremeclimatechange,nuclearwarandecologicalcatastrophe,asrisksthatthreatenhumanciviliation・any-peinentscientistssharethesameconcern.StephenHawkingtoldtheBBClastecemberthatthedevelopmentoffullartificialintelligeneecouldspelltheendofthehumanrace・然而，并非人人都如此乐观。全球挑战基金会在2月的一份报道中，将人工智能与极端气候变...
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