36工程勘察GeotechnicalInvestigation&Surveying2011年第12期黄河故道兰考段地下水水化学特征仝长水1,2,靳孟贵1,王献坤2,杨晓双2,刘海风2(1.中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,武汉430074;2.河南省地质调查院,郑州450001)摘要:为了基本查明黄河故道兰考段地下水水化学特征,采集代表性地下水样进行了27项无机指标和37项有机指标测试,结果表明,兰考县地下水水化学类型多数为HCO3-Na·Ca·Mg型水,咸水、微咸水、高铁、高锰、高氟等原生劣质水均有分布;其中,黄河故道区水质较好,背河洼地区和县城周围水质较差;县城周围浅层地下水已经受到污染,污染组分主要是总硬度、总溶固和NO-3;检测的37项有机指标中,甲苯为本区普遍分布的有机物,县城西南部多种有机组分均有检出,提示存在工业或生活污染源,但各点含量均较低,没有超过生活饮用水标准;有机氯农药总六六六和滴滴涕检出点数较多,与兰考县地处黄河故道,地表岩性颗粒较粗,地下水防污性能较差有关。关键词:黄河故道;兰考段;地下水;水化学特征中图分类号:P641.3文献标识码:AChemicalcharacteristicsofgroundwaterinLankaosectionalongabandonedareaofYellowRiverTongChangshui1,2,JinMenggui1,WangXiankun2,YangXiaoshuang2,LiuHaifeng2,LiPing2(1.SchoolofEnvironmentalStudies,ChinaUniversityofGeosciences,Wuhan430074,China;2.HenanInstituteofGeologicalSurvey,Zhengzhou450007,China)Abstract:InordertoidentifythechemicalcharacteristicsofgroundwaterinLankaosection,anabandonedareaofYellowRiver,therepresentativegroundwatersamplesareextracted27kindsofinorganicindexesand37kindsoforganicindexes.TheresultshowsthatthemaintypeofgroundwaterqualityisHCO3-Na·Ca·Mg,andismixedbymanykindsofprimitiveoriginalpoorqualitywater,suchasbrackishwater,hotmetal,highmangawater,high-fluorinewaterinLankaocounty.GroundwaterqualityhasazonalcharacteristicwhichisgoodintheabandonedareaofYellowRiver,andpoorinlow-lyingareasthatbackaroundtheriverandtheareaaroundthecounty.Meanwhile,shallowgroundwateraroundthecountyhasbeencontaminated,andthemainpollutioncomponentsaretotalhardness,totaldissolvedsolidandNO-3.Theorganicswidespreaddistributedinthestudyareaistoluenewhichhasbeendetectedfromavarietyoforganiccomponentsinsouthwestcounty.Asaresultofthattheremaybesourcesofindustrialorlife.However,thelowercontentofeachpointdoesnotexceeddrinkingwaterstandards.MoresamplesaredetectedBHCandDDT,relatingtotheLankaocountywhichislocatedintheYellowRiver,thecoarsesurfacelithologyandthepoorantifoulingperformanceofgroundwater.Keywords:abandonedareaofYellowRiver;Lankaosection;groundwater;chemicalcharacteristicsofwater收稿日期:2011-03-11;修订日期:2011-05-27基金项目:中国地质调查局地质调查项目“河南平原地区地下水污染调查评价(淮河流域)”资助.作者简介:仝长水(1955-),男(汉族),河南博爱人,教授级高工,在读博士。0引言河南省兰考县地处豫东平原,紧临黄河南岸。东西长约55km,南北宽26.5km总面积1107.92km2,总人口733万人。历史上由于黄河多次从兰考境内决口改道,留有2条明显的黄河故道横跨全境在故道两侧分布着带状沙丘、沙垄;在故道中心分布着槽形洼地,形成了“风沙”、“盐2011年第12期工程勘察GeotechnicalInvestigation&Surveying37碱”、“内涝”三大自然灾害[1]。兰考县咸水区分布面积为7.748km2,占全县面积的1.46%,呈零星分布;全县肥水蕴藏量比较丰富,据300眼民用井取水化验,含氮量在l5度以上的就有188眼;全县高氟水区呈片状分布。有9个乡,20个行政村,22个自然村,受氟水危害人口14499人,其中轻氟病区11个,中度氟病区7个,重度氟病区4个[2]。为了查明淮河流域河南平原地区地...