中美中学物理实验教学比较研究摘要本文在借鉴国内外现有参考资料的基础上，结合对比实验设计的结果，结合实验物理的特点，对科研院所实验物理教材中的模型进行了比较。在比较模型、教材、物理原理和存在问题的基础上，从研究对象、实验内容、实验和静态比较研究3个方面对物理实验教学进行了如下研究。（1）从实验的数量和内容两方面进行了大量的实验。中国的教材中有很多实验。考试的内容主要是机械，光学和电磁学中国教材比较集中的分布。（2）在实验设备的选择上，两国在实验设备材料的选择上都很丰富，范围很广。中文教科书强调获取实验数据的方法。实验装置主要以实验机为基础。美国的材料选择是强调生命和选择实物作为实验设备的倾向。（3）在实验类型的设计中，美国的教科书中有很多探索性实验和开放实验，很多都是用中国的教材进行示威实验。关键词：中美中学物理；实验教学；实验数量；实验器材；实验类型IAbstractInthispaper,referringtotheexistingresearchresultsofteachingmaterialscomparisonandexperimentdesignathomeandabroad,combinedwiththecharacteristicsofphysicalexperiments,wehavestudiedandconstructedacomparativemodelofphysicalexperimentsintextbooks.Basedontheconstructedcomparativemodel,westudiedthephysicalexperimentinteachingmaterialsfromthreeaspects:experimentalcontent,experimentalequipmentandexperimentaltype.(1)Intermsofthequantityandcontentoftheexperiment,alargenumberofexperimentshavebeencarriedoutinbothphysicstextbooks.TherearemoreexperimentsinChinesetextbooks.Thecontentsofexperimentsaremainlymechanical,opticalandelectromagnetics,andthedistributionofChinesetextbooksismoreconcentrated.(2)Intheselectionofexperimentalequipment,thephysicalmaterialsofthetwocountriesarerichintheselectionofexperimentalequipment,andtherangeisverywide.Chinesetextbooksemphasizethemeansofacquiringexperimentaldata.Experimentalequipmentismainlybasedonlaboratoryapparatus,andAmericanmaterialselectionismorelifeoriented,andtendstochooselifeobjectsasexperimentalequipment.(3)Inthedesignofthetypeofexperiment,therearemoreexploratoryexperimentsandopenexperimentsinAmericantextbooks,andmoredemonstrationexperimentsinChinesetextbooks.Keywords:middleschoolphysicsinChinaandtheUnitedStates;experimentalteaching;experimentalquantity;experimentalequipment;experimentaltypeII目录摘要...........................................................................................................................................IAbstract.....................................................................................................................................II1引言.......................................................................................................................................11.1问题提出的背景.........................................................................................................11.2研究的意义................................................................................................................11.2.1对教材编写的指导意义..................................................................................11.2.2对实验教学的指导意义..................................................................................11.2.3对培养学生综合素质的指导意义..................................................................12研究对象的选取...................................................................................................................22.1中国教材.....................................................................................
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