CHINESEJOURNALOFANATOMYVo1.31No.32008解剖学杂志2008年第31卷第3期股骨大转子后方肌腱止点的解剖学观测及临床意义李琪张力成△杨国敬林瑞新余汝堂年新兵(1温州医学院附属第三医院骨科,瑞安325200;2温州医学院解剖学教研室,茶山325035)摘要目的:探讨股骨大转子后方肌腱止点的解剖学特征,为临床实践提供解剖学资料。方法:对1O例2O侧福尔马林固定成人髋关节标本进行解剖,观察各肌腱的末段形态,测量其宽、厚度及肌外腱长;逐步清除各肌腱组织,观察各肌腱止点在股骨大转子上的分布。结果:梨状肌腱和闭孑L内肌上、下孑子肌总腱的末段形成联合腱,闭孑L外肌腱独立附着,臀中肌腱附着区后部增厚强韧;梨状肌压迹、闭孑L内肌压迹和转子窝形态各异,在大转子上分布不同,股骨中轴线通过转子窝。结论:在全髋置换后路软组织扩大修补中,联合腱应联合附着,闭孑L外肌腱应独立附着,联合腱缝入臀中肌腱后缘在解剖上是合理的;在股骨顺行髓内钉的手术操作中,转子窝应是正确的进针点。关键词大转子;解剖;关节成形术,置换,髋;髓内钉AnatomicstudyandclinicalsignificanceoftendoninsertionsposteriortothefemoralgreatertrochanterLiQi,ZhangLicheng,YangGuojing,LinRuixin,YuRutang,NianXinbing(1.DepartmentofOrthopaedics,ThirdAffiliatedHospitalofWenzhouMedicalCollege,Ruian325200;2.DepartmentofAnatomY,WenzhouMedicalCollege,Chashan325035,China)AbstractObjectiveToinvestigatetheanatomicfeaturesoftendoninsertionsposteriortOthefemoralgreatertrochanterforclinicalpractice.MethodsTwentyadultcadaverhipsfixedwithformalinwereusedforanatomicstudy.Followingtheex-tremitiesofeverytendonbeingobserved,itswidth,thicknessandtendonlengthoutsidemuscleweremeasured.Afterthetendontissueswereremovedgradually,thedistributionoftendoninsertionsinthefemoralgreatertrochanterwasobserved.Results:Theextremitiesofthepiriformis,gemellussuperior,obturatorinternusandgemellusinferiorformedconjoinedtendon.Obturatorexternustendoncoheredindependently.Theposteriorpartofgluteusmediusattachmentregionbecamethickandtough.Piriformisimpression,obturatorinternusimpressionandtrochantericfossahaddifferentappearancesanddifferentdistributionsinthefemoralgreatertrochanter.Femoralcentralaxiswaspastthroughthetrochantericfossa.ConclusionUnderstandingthetendoninsertionsinthefemoralgreatertrochantermaybehelpfultOtheoperativemanipula—tionofenhancedposteriorsofttissuerepairsintotalhiparthroplastyandantegradefemoralnailing.Keywordsgreatertrochanteranatomy;arthroplasty,replacement,hip;bonenail股骨大转子后方聚集着髋部众多肌肉的附着点,在涉及此处的手术操作(全髋置换后路软组织扩大修补及顺行髓内钉)需要对其解剖有透彻的了解,然而一般解剖书对此处的描绘并不详细或有出入。对此,我们进行了尸体解剖,对股骨大转子后方肌腱止点进行了观测,为临床实践提供解剖学资料。1材料和方法取15例3o侧福尔马林固定成人髋关节标本,8男7女,无畸形和皮肤破损,年龄28~76岁,中位年龄38岁,剔除其余软组织,制作成带关节囊和后方囊外深层肌(臀中、小肌,梨状肌,闭孔内肌,上、下孑子肌,闭孔外△通讯作者,E—mail:liqi20051166@163.com收稿日期:2007—09—04;修回日期:2008—01-08肌,股方肌)的髋关节模型。切断髋臼内侧髋骨处各深层肌,仔细分离其与关节囊的问隙至股骨止点处,从髋臼上剥下关节囊离断髋关节,清除关节囊与各肌腱止点问的脂肪组织,将髋关节囊从股骨止点上剥下去除(图1A)。观察各肌腱止点在大转子后方的排列;观察梨状肌腱和闭孔内肌上、下哥肌总腱末端形成的联合腱并测量联合腱的宽度及深入大转子内侧面的长度d-;观察臀中肌在大转子上的附着,紧贴骨面锐性剥下臀中肌腱,测量臀中肌腱大转子附着区增厚部的宽度dz、厚度和肌外腱长;切开联合腱腱膜,分离梨状肌腱...