摘要数控技术是机械加工现代化和军事工业发展的重要基础与关键技术。应用数控加工可大大提高生产率、稳定加工质量、缩短加工周期、增加生产柔性、实现对各种复杂精密零件的自动化加工，易于在工厂或车间实行计算机管理，使车间设备总数减少、节省人力、改善劳动条件，有利于加快产品的开发和更新换代，提高企业对市场的适应能力并提高企业综合经济效益。同时，也使机械加工的大量前期准备工作与机械加工过程连为一体，使CAD、CAPP、CAM的一体化成为现实，使机械加工的柔性自动化水平不断提高。本文以目前国际上先进的“CAD/CAM/CAE”一体化机械工程辅助系统——UGNX为工具，完成了固体火箭发动机喷管阳球体的计算机辅助编程及虚拟加工仿真。从新加工工艺及高质量数控编程角度出发，探索了一条实现固体火箭发动机喷管阳球体球面高精、高效加工的新方法。具体内容包括：首先，根据阳球体的结构特点和技术要求，在对其进行了详尽的加工工艺分析之后，确定了球面的加工方法。然后，利用UG/CAD模块完成了阳球体、毛坯、夹具及机床的几何体的参数化建模。在此基础上，利用UG/CAM模块进行数控编程，优化了加工路线、刀具轨迹，切削方式等工艺参数，生成了阳球体五坐标加工的高精、高效的NC程序。通过刀轨检查及时地发现刀具跟零件之间的过切和欠切。并通过虚拟加工过程仿真提前发现机床各运动部件、夹具及刀具之间的干涉和碰撞，确定干涉碰撞发生的位置和相应的NC程序段，并对先前的设计和NC程序进行修改。由于UGNX提供了一个基于过程的产品设计环境，使产品开发从设计到加工真正实现了数据的无缝集成，从而极大的促进了设计和生产向自动化和高效化方向发展，提升了企业在国际市场上的竞争力。关键词：数控编程；参数化建模；CAM；后置处理；加工仿真AbstractNCtechnologyistheimportantfoundationandkeytechniqueofthemechanicalmachiningmodernizationandmilitaryindustrydevelopment.NCmachiningcanraiseproductionrate,keepmachiningqualitysteady,reducemachiningcycle,improveproductionflexibility,carryouttheautomaticmanufactureofallkindsofcomplicatedandexactparts,achievetheCADmanagementinfactoriesandworkshops,cutdowntheequipmentnumberinplants,savelaborforce,improveworkingcondition,acceleratethedevelopingandupdatingspeedoftheproducts,andenhancetheabilityofthecorporationstoadapttothemarketandgeneralbenefit.Atthesametime,italsocanmakethepreparationandmachiningprocessofthemanufacturetogether,uniteCAD,CAMandCAPP,andcausetheflexibleandautomaticlevelofthemechanicalmachininggoup.CADNCprogrammingandvirtualmachiningsimulationofthepositivesphereonthesolidrocketengineisaccomplishedinthisthesisbyUGNX,which,atpresent,isanadvancedmechanicalengineeringsystemconsistedofCAD,CAMandCAEtogetherintheworld.BaseduponthenewmachiningtechnicsandhighqualityNCprogramming,anewwaytocarryoutthehigherefficiencyandaccuracymachiningofthesphereisgiven.Themaincontentisbelow.Firstly,themachiningmethodofthespheresurfaceischosenafteranalyzingtheartsandcraftsofthesphereindetailaccordingtoitsstructurecharacteristicandtechnicalspecifications.Thenparameterizedmodelsofthesphere,blank,fixtureandmachinetoolarecreatedinUG/CADenvironment.Afterward,5axesNCcodesaregeneratedandtechnicalparameters,suchastoolpath,areoptimizedinUG/CAMmodule.Aboveall,throughmachiningprocesssimulation,thegougesbetweencuttingtoolsandthepartareeliminated,andtheinterferencesandcollisionsbetweenmachinetoolcomponents,fixtureandcuttingtoolsareavoided.BecauseUGNXisbuiltonaproductdesignenvironmentbasedonprocess,itcancarryouttheintegrationfromdevelopmenttomachining,impeltheautomationandhighefficiencyofthedesignandmanufacture,andalsoimprovethecompetitivecapabilityoftheenterprisesontheinternationalmarket.K...
