﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡化学方程式总结﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡2Na+O2===Na2O22Na+Cl2===2NaCl2Na+2HCl===2NaCl+H2↑§1◆碱金属元素4Na+O2===2Na2O2Na2O+O22Na2O2（淡黄色）2Na+S===Na2S（爆炸）2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H2↑2Na2O2+2H2O===4NaOH+O2↑2Na2O2+2CO2===2Na2CO3+O2CuSO4+2Na+2H2O====Cu(OH)2↓+Na2SO4+H2↑Na2O+H2O===2NaOH2Na2O2+4HCl===4NaCl+O2↑+2H2ONaHCO3+HCl===NaCl+H2O+CO2↑NaHCO3+NaOH===Na2CO3+H2ONa2CO3+HCl（少）====NaCl+NaHCO3Na2CO3+2HCl（多）====2NaCl+H2O+CO2↑2NaHCO3Na2CO3+H2O+CO2↑4Li+O22Li2ONaHCO3（少）+Ca(OH)2===CaCO3↓+H2O+NaOH2NaHCO3（多）+Ca(OH)2===CaCO3↓+2H2O+Na2CO3NaOH（少）+Ca(HCO3)2===CaCO3↓+H2O+NaHCO32NaOH（多）+Ca(HCO3)2===CaCO3↓+2H2O+Na2CO32K+2H2O===2KOH+H2↑Na2CO3+H2O+CO2=2NaHCO3CO2(少量)+Ca(OH)2===CaCO3↓+H2O2CO2(过量)+Ca(OH)2===Ca(HCO3)2§2卤族元素Cl2+CuCuCl2（棕黄色）3Cl2+2Fe2FeCl3（棕黄色）Cl2+2Na2NaCl（白烟）Cl2+H22HCl（苍白色火焰）Cl2+H2O==HCl+HClOCl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2===CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2OCa(ClO)2+H2O+CO2(少量)==CaCO3↓+2HClOCa(ClO)2+2H2O+2CO2(过量)==Ca(HCO3)2+2HClOCa(ClO)2+2HCl==CaCl2+2HClO（强酸制弱酸）2HClO2HCl+O2↑2F2+2H2O===4HF+O2X2+H2O==HX+HXO(X=Cl.Br.I)Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2Cl2+2KI===2KCl+I24HCl(浓)+MnO2MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2OHCl+AgNO3=AgCl↓（白色）+HNO3HBr+AgNO3=AgBr↓（浅黄色）+HNO3HI+AgNO3===AgI↓(黄色)+HNO312AgBr2Ag＋Br2(AgCl、AgI类似)§3氧族元素H2+SH2SFe+SFeS2Cu+SCu2SS+O2SO23O22O32O33O22H2O22H2O+O2↑H2SH2+SSO2+H2OH2SO3SO2+Ca(OH)2=CaSO3↓(白色)+H2O2NaOH+SO2（少量）===Na2SO3+H2ONaOH+SO2（足量）===NaHSO32H2S+SO2==3S↓+2H2O（SO2氧化性）2SO2+O22SO3Cl2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HCl(Br2、I2类似)2NaCl+H2SO4(浓)Na2SO4+2HCl（难挥发性酸制挥发性酸）2H2SO4(浓)+CuCuSO4+2H2O+SO2↑2H2SO4(浓)+CCO2↑+2H2O+2SO2↑Na2SO3+H2SO4=Na2SO4+SO2+H2O（强酸制弱酸，制取SO2）§4碳族元素C+H2OCO+H2(生成水煤气)2C+SiO22CO↑+SiSi+O2SiO22F2+Si==SiF4Si+4HF==SiF4↑+2H2↑Si+2NaOH+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H2↑SiO2+2NaOH===Na2SiO3+H2OSiO2+4HF===SiF4+2H2OCaO+SiO2CaSiO3SiO2+Na2CO3Na2SiO3+CO2SiO2+CaCO3CaSiO3+CO2↑Na2SiO3+2HCl==2NaCl+H2SiO3↓Na2SiO3++H2O+CO2==Na2CO3+H2SiO3↓H2SiO3SiO2+H2O§5氮族元素N2+3H22NH3N2+O22NO2NO+O2==2NO23NO2+H2O==2HNO3+NONH3+H2ONH3·H2ONH４＋＋OH－NH3+HCl==NH4Cl(白烟)NH4ClNH3+HClNH3+HNO3==NH4NO3(白烟)NH4HCO3NH3↑+H2O+CO2↑4NH3+5O24NO+6H2O22NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2CaCl2+2NH3↑+2H2O（实验室制NH3）NaOH+NH4ClNaCl+NH3↑+H2O(NH4)2SO4+2NaOHNa2SO4+2NH3↑+2H2O4HNO34NO2↑+O2↑+2H2OC+4HNO3(浓)CO2↑+4NO2↑+2H2OCu+4HNO3(浓)==Cu(NO3)2+2NO2↑+2H2O3Cu+8HNO3(稀)===3Cu(NO3)2+2NO↑+4H2O§6几种常见的金属4Al+3O22Al2O32Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2↑2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2↑2Al+2NaOH+2H2O==2NaAlO2+3H2↑Al2O3+6HCl==2AlCl3+3H2OAl2O3+2NaOH==2NaAlO2+H2OAl(OH)3+3HCl==AlCl3+3H2OAl(OH)3+NaOH==NaAlO2+2H2O2Al(OH)3Al2O3+3H2O（Fe(OH)3、Cu(OH)2类似）AlCl3+3NH3·H2O=Al(OH)3↓+3NH4ClNaAlO2+HCl+H2O=NaCl+Al(OH)3↓3Fe+2O2Fe3O4（黑色）3Fe+4H2OFe3O4+4H2↑Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2↑Fe+CuCl2===FeCl2+Cu2FeCl3+Fe===3FeCl22FeCl2+Cl2===2FeCl32Fe(OH)3Fe2O3+3H2O4Fe(OH)2（白）+2H2O+O2==4Fe(OH)3（红褐）2Al+Fe2O3Al2O3+2Fe4Al+3MnO22Al2O3+3Mn2Al2O34Al+3O2↑2NaCl2Na+Cl2↑§7其他章节FeCl3+3H2OFe(OH)3+3HCl（水解）CH3COONa+H2OCH3COOH+NaOH有机化学反应方程式1.甲烷与氯气CH4+Cl2CH3Cl+HClCH3Cl+Cl2CH2Cl2+HClCH2Cl2+Cl2CHCl3+HClCHCl3+Cl2CCl4+HCl2.乙烯实验室制法（浓硫酸作催化剂，脱水剂）CH3CH2OHH2O+CH2=CH2↑3.乙烯通入溴水中CH2=CH2+Br2CH2BrCH2Br4．乙烯和HBr的反应CH2=CH2+HBr催化剂CH3CH2Br5.乙烯水化制乙醇CH2=CH2+H2OCH3CH2OH6.制取聚乙烯、聚丙烯nCH2=CH2催化剂3CH2－CH2nnCH3–CH=CH2催化剂CH37.乙炔的制取CaC2+2H2OCa(OH)2+↑8.由乙炔制聚氯乙烯+HClH2C=CHClnH2C=CHCl催化剂9.苯与液溴反应（需铁作催化剂）+Br2+HBr10.苯的硝化反应+HNO3+H2O11.苯与氢气加成生成环己烷+3H2催化剂△12乙醇与钠反应2CH3CH2OH+2Na2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑13.乙醇催化氧化2CH3CH2OH+O22CH3CHO+2H2O14.苯酚与氢氧化钠溶液反应+NaOH+H2O15.苯酚钠溶液中通入二氧化碳+CO2+H2O+NaHCO316.乙醛制乙醇CH3CHO+H2催化剂△CH3CH2OH17.乙醛制乙酸2CH3CHO+O2催化剂△2CH3COOH18.乙醛的银镜反应CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHH2O+2Ag↓+3NH3+CH3COONH419.乙醛与新制氢氧化铜悬浊液CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2Cu2O↓+2H2O+CH3COOH20.乙酸与氢氧化铜悬浊液2CH3COOH+Cu(OH)2(CH3COO)2Cu+2H2O21.乙酸乙酯制取CH3COOH+CH3CH2OHCH3COOC2H5+H2O浓硫酸△4BrFe浓H2SO455-60℃—NO2Cu△—OH—ONa—ONa—OH催化剂△HC≡CHHC≡CHCH－CH2nClCH－CH2n稀硫酸△22.酯水解CH3COOC2H5+H2OCH3COOH+CH3CH2OH23.CH3COOCH2CH3+NaOHCH3COONa+CH3CH2OH5
