定语从句学习难点例析宜城一中英语组陈春香一、如何选用关系代词/关系副词？1.Thecitythat/whichliesinthecenterofHubeiProvincehasalargepopulation.(作主语，指物)Thecity(that/which)youdescribedtomeyesterdayhasalargepopulation.(作宾语，可省略，指物)Thecitywhere/inwhichIwasbroughtuphasalargepopulation.(作地点状语)ThecitywhosepopulationisthelargestinChinaliesintheeast.(作定语，指某物的…)2.I’veforgottentheexactdaywhen/onwhichhegavemethefilmcopy.(作时间状语)I’veforgottentheexactday(that/which)hefixedformetohavetheoperation.(作宾语，可省略，指物）3.Thereason(that/which)hegaveuswashardtoaccept.(作宾语，可省略，指物）Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.(作原因状语)选用关系代词还是关系副词，不仅仅要看先行词表示什么意义，更重要的是一定要看先行词在后面的定语从句中充当什么成份。若作主语、宾语、表语就用关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose,as)。若作时间、地点、原因状语就用关系副词(when,where,why)。二、关系代词that引导定语从句时的“六用，三不用”原则1.六用原则（1）先行词为everything,anything,nothing,something,all,few,little,much等或先行词被all,every,any,no,little,much修饰时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Youcantakeanybookthatyoulike.（2）先行词为形容词最高级或先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.（3）先行词为序数词或先行词被序数词修饰时。ThisisthefirsttimethatIhaveheardofit.ThelastplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.（4）先行词被theonly,thevery,theright等修饰时。ThisistheverywatchthatIlosttheotherday.注意:以上（2）（3）（4）若先行词指人，也可用who,whom,但常用that.Youaretheonlypersonthat/whocanhelpme.（5）先行词包括人和物两者时。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthethingsthattheyrememberedintheschool.（6）当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。1Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?2.三不用原则（1）先行词是-one或-body构成的复合不定代词时，不能用that,而用who或whom.Isthereanybodyelsewhoshouldbeinvited?（2）关系代词前有介词时，不能用that,而用which或whom.HereisthecaraboutwhichItoldyou.Whoisthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands?（3）在非限制性定语从句中，不能用that.Ihavelostmypen,whichIlikeverymuch.Ihavetwosisters,whoarebothhighschoolstudents.三、需要弄清楚的几个问题1.有无并列连词影响句子的结构Hehastwosons,bothofwhomarecollegestudents.Hehastwosons,andbothofthemarecollegestudents.2.有无定冠词影响定语从句的结构Isthistheboy（that/whom/who）youwanttotalkto?Isthisboytheoneyouwanttotalkto?3.标点符号的形式也影响句子的结构Enteringtheroom,Ifoundanoteonthetable,whichread,“I’veleftforHarbin.”Enteringtheroom,Ifoundanoteonthetable.Itread,"I’veleftforHarbin.”4.强调句还是定语从句？Itwasinthemuseum(that/which)wevisitedyesterdaythatIgottoknowthefamousperson.—Wheredidyoufindyourwallet?—ItwasinthecinemawhereIsawthefilm(thatIfoundmywallet).ItwasonSeptember11,2001thattheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkwasattacked.（强调句）ItwasinWuhanthatJillmetthethree-year-oldgirlandadoptedher.（强调句）简单的判断方法：利用强调句的还原性，即去掉itwas/is…that…之后剩余部分依然是一个完整的句子，则是强调句。5.主语从句还是定语从句？Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.(主语从句)Anyonewholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.（定语从句）Thosewholeavetheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.（定语从句）6.同位语从句还是定语从句？Galileocollectedthefactthat/whichprovedtheearthandalltheotherplanetsmovearoundthesun.(定语从句)Galileodiscoveredthefa...
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