第29卷第3期岩石力学与工程学报Vol.29No.32010年3月ChineseJournalofRockMechanicsandEngineeringMarch,2010收稿日期:2009–09–04;修回日期:2009–11–12基金项目:交通部西部交通建设科技项目(200831800098);四川省交通科技项目(2008.1–5–1)作者简介:周德培(1948–),男,博士,1976年毕业于昆明工学院矿山机电专业,现任教授,主要从事岩土工程方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail:dpzhou@home.swjtu.edu.cn汶川地震中道路边坡工程震害分析周德培,张建经,汤涌(西南交通大学土木工程学院,四川成都610031)摘要:发生在山区的地震对边坡工程所造成的危害,在致灾机制和破坏形式方面具有鲜明的特征。结合汶川地震灾区道路边坡工程震害实例,分析路堑、路堤以及与桥隧相连的各类边坡及相应支挡结构的震害机制和破坏形式。锚索(杆)地梁或预应力锚索抗滑桩加固的边坡具有较好的抗震性能,其原因是这些结构已与坡体联接在一起而形成一个整体,在地震波作用下结构与坡体的位移和变形能够很好地协调一致。铺设土工格栅或施加加筋材料的路堤边坡工程具有较好的抗震性能,一般填筑路堤特别是高路堤,其抗震性能较差。根据沙土液化和软弱黏性土层震陷造成的震害实例,提出含水沙质地层路堤边坡应注意坡脚沙土液化造成的震害,应采取措施防止软弱黏性土层地基震陷造成路面破坏以及坡脚震陷造成的边坡失稳。山区隧道洞口边、仰坡的抗震设计应重视支挡结构的耐震性。建于坡体上的桥台、桥基和桥路过渡段的安全性与坡体稳定性直接相关,应切实加强这些结构所在边坡的抗震设计。对于依山傍水而建的顺河桥,相关边坡的失稳危害桥梁时,应对其采取抗震措施。目前公路、铁路工程抗震规范涉及边坡工程及支挡结构的内容极少,研究成果可为规范的修改和补充提供有益的参考。关键词:边坡工程;汶川大地震;道路边坡;沙土液化;抗震性中图分类号:P64文献标识码:A文章编号:1000–6915(2010)03–0565–12SEISMICDAMAGEANALYSISOFROADSLOPESINWENCHUANEARTHQUAKEZHOUDepei,ZHANGJianjing,TANGYong(SchoolofCivilEngineering,SouthwestJiaotongUniversity,Chengdu,Sichuan610031,China)Abstract:Seismicdamagesofroadslopesinmountainousareashavedifferentcharacteristicsinmechanismandtypesfromthoseinflain.BasedoncasesofdamagedroadslopesintheWenchuanearthquake,failuremechanismsandtypesoftheroadslopesforcuttingandembankmentslopeandslopesaroundbridgeandtunnel,aswellasretainingstructures,areanalyzed.Slopesstabilizedbyusinganchoredfoundationbeamsorlateralloadedpileswithprestressedanchorshavebetterperformanceintheearthquake.Thereasonisthatthesestructuresmakebothstructuresandsoilsbecomeintegral,andsodeformationbetweenstructuresandsoilisconsistent.Geogridorotherreinforcedembankmentslopeshavebetterperformanceintheearthquake;buttheaseismicperformanceofembankmentswithoutreinforcement,particularlyhighembankments,ispoor.Basedonthecasesofliquefactionorsoftsoillayer-inducedsettlement,itissuggestedthatengineersinaseismicdesignshouldpayattentiontoliquefaction-inducedsettlementatthetoeoftheslopesconstructedonsandysoillayersandtakemeasurestopreventfrompavementfailurecausedbythesettlementonsoftsoillayersandslopeinstabilitycausedbythesettlementatthetoeoftheslope.Attunnelportalsandportalslopes,engineersshouldstrengthenaseismicdesignofretainingstructures.Safetyandstabilizationofbridgeabutment,foundationandtransitionbetweenabutmentandembankmentconstructedonslopesaredependentoftheslopestability;andsoaseismicdesignoftheslope,onwhichthosestructuresareconstructed,shouldbestrengthened.Forbridgesconstructedalongthebankof•566•岩石力学与工程学报2010年river,unstableslopecandamagethebridges,somemeasuresinaseismicdesignshould,therefore,betakenintoconsideration.A...