1.关于语音的几个概念1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u,2)音标：词的语音形式。3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap”ple,stu”dent,tea”cher,un”der”stand5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。7)开音节：绝对开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+e：namebikehomedue;b)辅音+元音he,go,hi，he,go,hi8)闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+辅音it9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。国际音标元音1、单元音：前元音[i:][i][e][æ]中元音[ʌ][ə:][ə]后元音[u:][u][ɔ:][ɔ][a:]2、双元音：开合双元音[ei][ai][ɔi][əu][au]集中双元音[iə][εə][uə]辅音1、爆破音：清辅音[p][t][k]浊辅音[b][d][g]2、摩擦音：清辅音[f][s][ʃ][θ][h]浊辅音[v][z][]ʒ[ð]3、破擦音：清辅音[tʃ][tr][ts]浊辅音[d]ʒ[dr][dz]4、鼻音浊辅音）：[m][n][ŋ]5、舌则音（浊辅音）：[l][r]6、半元音（浊辅音）：[w][j]字母音标Aa[ei]Bb[bi:]Cc[si:]Dd[di:]Ee[i:]Ff[ef]Gg[d3i:]Hh[eit∫]Ii[ai]Jj[d3ei]Kk[kei]Ll[el]Mm[em]Nn[en]Oo[əu]Pp[pi:]Qq[kju:]Rr[:]ɑSs[es]Tt[ti:]Uu[ju:]Vv[vi:]Ww[′dʌjblju:]Xx[eks]Yy[wai]Zz[zi:][zed]1.元音:1)[i:]字母组合:eeeaeieeiy举例：threetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeeatteameatleaveleadteacherspeakcleanpleaseheshemepiecereceiveceilingHeatthemeatsowecaneat.Bluesea,bluesea,pleasekeepthiskey.Asheepeatssomebeefanddrinkssomegreentea.2)[I]发音字母:iyeuiua举例：sitpigbiglittlemanyitislittlesixhappydictionarydefectdecidedeliciousAchickenisinthekitchen.Abigpighitmyhipandithurtalittlebit.Sixsickhicksnicksixslickbrickswithpicksandsticks.3)[æ]发音字母:a举例：baghandhappyhatmapmadbadblackbackgladmanHappycathasablackhat.Aredredapple,Iloveredredapple.4)[e]字母组合:eaea举例：headbreadbedredelephantrememberselllessonbetterdeskhotelyeseggMypetandpenwereleftonTerry’sbed.Theeggshesellseverydayarebetterthaneverybodyelsesells.5)[З:][ə:]字母组合:irureareror举例：girlshirtskirtthirtythirdbirdturnnurseturtleThursdaylearnearthtermherworkworldAgirl,askirt,agirlhasaskirt.6)[ə]字母组合eroraroa举例：teacherrememberplayerspeakerdoctoractorauthorfamiliarcollardollartogethertomorrowtodaylessonaroundaccountagoelephantbananaPandainChinadon’tlikebanana.Thatdoctorlikestoeatcarrotsinwinter.7)[a:]字母组合:ara举例：carfarmcardarmfastclassglassplantAcarisinapark.SmartClarkparkedhiscarinaparkwherealarksanginthedark.8)[ʌ]发音字母:uoouoo举例：uplunchfungunnutcupbuscomemotherdoseloveabovetroublebloodfloodMoney,money,givememoney.Nevertroubleabouttroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou!9)[ɔ:]字母组合:alorauourar举例：smallwalltalktallballwalkshortmorelordhorseforfortysportauthorautumncaughtfourwarmShewasbornfouryearsago.Shethoughtsheoughttotakeawalkbeforefouro’clock.10)[ɔ]([ɒ])发音字母:oa举例：onhotlotfoxboxdogrockwantwashwatchWhat’syourname?Adogisinabox.Bobhasagoodjobandalotofhobbies.Doesadoctordoctoranotherdoctorthewaythedoctordoingthedoctorwantstobedoctored,ordoesthedoctordoingthedoctoringdoctortheotherdoctorinhisownway？11)[u:]字母组合:ooou举例：foodroomgoosetoothshoedotwotruebluefullbluemoonjunkfoodGivetwotruetoolstothetroops.12)[u]字母组合:uooou举例：putfullpushlookgoodfootbookwoodshouldcouldThisisagoodbook.I’magoodperson.IdoeverythingIshoulddo!UnderwoodwouldreadbookifUnderwoodknewwherehisbookwas.Underwood’sbookwasinDurwood’swoods.UnderwoodwentintoDurwood’swoodsandgothisbook.13)...
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