摘要轻烃又称为天然气凝液(NGL),在组成上覆盖C2~C6+,含有凝析油组分(C2~C5)。轻烃回收是指天然气中比甲烷或乙烷更重的组分以液态形式回收的过程。轻烃回收的目的一方面是为了控制天然气的烃露点以达到商品气质量指标,避免气液两相流动;另一方面,回收的液烃有很大的经济价值,可直接用作燃料或进一步分离为乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、或丙丁烷化合物(液化气)、轻油等,也可以用做化工原料。另外,轻烃作为一种新型的清洁能源,市场前景非常可观。所以,设计合理的轻烃回收装置,在化工生产中具有很大的必要性。本设计主要针对轻烃的回收装置进行,根据原料气的组成及产品指标,计算出合理的分离序列。通过计算可以得到脱乙烷塔和丙丁烷塔的塔径分别是1.5m和1.8m,理论板数分别为10块和11块,回流比分别为1.500和1.083。脱乙烷塔的操作条件为塔顶-31.75°C,1.164MPa,塔底为40.52°C,1.400MPa,丙丁烷塔的操作条件为29.58°C,0.910MPa,塔底为107.9°C,0.930MPa。确定塔的形式都为浮阀塔,分别对两个塔的各项参数进行了设计,并对塔进行了水力学校核,所得的塔能较好的达到分离要求。关键词:轻烃;分离;精馏;设计ABSTRACTLighthydrocarbon,whichisalsocalledtheNaturalgascondensate,inthecompositioniscoveredbyC2~C6+,andcontainsoilcondensatecomponents.LighthydrocarbonispointtotheprocessthattorecoverythecompositionasliquidthatmoreheavythanmethaneorethaneintheNaturalgas.Thepurposeofthelighthydrocarbonrecoveryistocontrolthegashydrocarbondewpointinordertoachievequalitygoodsgasindex,avoidgas-liquidtwophaseflow;Ontheotherhand,theliquidhydrocarbonrecoveryhasagreateconomicvalue,itcanbedirectlyusedforfuelorfurtherseparationforethane,propane,butane,orpropaneandbutanecompounds(liquefiedpetroleumgas),lightoiletc,alsocanbeusedasrawmaterialforchemicalindustry.Inaddition,asanewcleanenergy,lighthydrocarbon’smarketforegroundisveryconsiderable.So,todesignthereasonablelighthydrocarbonrecyclingequipmenthasgreatnecessityinchemicalproduction.Thedesignforthemainlightrecoverydevice,accordingtothecompositionofthegasmaterialandproductindex,calculatereasonableseparationsequence.Throughthecalculationcangettotakeofftheethanetowerandthetowerpropaneandbutanetowerdiameterare1.5mand1.8m,respectively,theoryrespectivelynumbersofplateare10and11piece,refluxratioare1.500and1.083,respectively.Theoperationconditionfortakeoffethanetowerare-31.75°C,1.164MPaforthetopand40.52°C,1.400MPaforthebottomofpropaneandbutanetowerare29.58°C,0.910MPaforthetopand107.9°C,0.930MPaforthebottom.Determinetheformoftowerforthefloatvalvetower,designvariousparametersforthetwotowers,checkthemfromhydraulicsandthentheycanachieveseparationrequirements.Keywords:Light;hydrocarbon;Abruption;Distillation;Design目录1前言…………………………………….………………………………..…………….11.1气质条件及生产要求……………………………………………….………..…11.2轻烃回收方法……………………………………………………….………..…21.3轻烃回收装置设计意义……………………………………………….……..…32工艺方案及流程……….…………………………………………………..……..……42.1工艺方案…………………………………………………………….……..……42.2装置原则工艺流程图……………………………………………………...……42.3生产流程简述…………………………………………………………...………43物料衡算………………………………………………………………..………..……53.1脱乙烷塔的物料衡算……………………………………………………...……53.1.1清晰分割…………………………………………………………………53.1.2确定最小理论板数……………………………………………...