Module1BasketballPeriod3Grammar--ConversionandSuffix■Goal●Learnconversionandsuffix▇ProceduresStep1:conversion词性转化“Conversion”(calledsometimes“fullconversion”)isaword-formationprocessbywhichawordisalteredfromonepartofspeechintoanotherwithouttheaddition(ordeletion)ofanymorpheme.词性转化指的是单词从一个词类转到另一个词类而不发生词形变化。1.noun→verbpaper―topapertheroommouth―tomouthsomephraseshoulder―toshouldertheheavyloadbandage―tobandagetheleg2.verb→nountosaysomething―tohaveasaytoshow―togiveashowtofeel―tohaveafeeltolead―totakealead3.adj.→verbempty―toemptythebagwrong―towrongsomebodyslow―toslowdownbetter―tobetteryourstudy4.adv.→verbback―tobackacardown―todownaplanenear―tonearthetempleforward―toforwardamessage5.adj.→noun.calm―acalmontheseahigh―anewhighoftheindustrygood―alotofgoodright―totellfromrighttowrongStep2:suffix后缀构词法包括合成、派生、转化和缩写简写。词缀是派生的一部分。Thebasicpartofanywordistheroot;toit,youcanaddaprefixatthebeginningand/orasuffixattheendtochangethemeaning.Forexample,intheword“unflattering,”therootissimply“flatter,”whiletheprefix“un-”makesthewordnegative,andthesuffix“-ing”changesitfromaverbintoanadjective(specifically,aparticiple).Englishitselfdoesnotuseprefixesasheavilyasitoncedid,butmanyEnglishwordscomefromLatin,whichusesprefixesandsuffixes(youcanusethewordaffixtorefer用心爱心专心eithertoaprefixorasuffix)quiteextensively.Forexample,thewords“prefix,”“suffix,”and“affix”themselvesareallformedfrom“fix”bytheuseofprefixes:“ad”(to)+“fix”(attached)=“affix”“pre”(before)+“fix”=“prefix”“sub”(under)+“fix”=“suffix”Notethatboththe“-d”of“ad”andthe“-b”of“sub”changethelastletter.HerearesomeofthemostcommonLatinprefixes(forthemeaningsoftheLatinroots,lookupthewordsinagooddictionary):ab(away)abrupt,absent,absolvead(to)adverb,advertisement,afflictin(not)incapable,indecisive,intolerableinter(between,among)intercept,interdependent,interprovincialintra(within)intramural,intrapersonal,intraprovincialpre(before)prefabricate,prefacepreferpost(after)postpone,postscript,postwarsub(under)submarine,subscription,suspecttrans(across)transfer,transit,translateAffixesMorphemesaddedtofreeformstomakeotherfreeformsarecalledaffixes.Therearethreeprinciplekindsofaffixes:1.prefixes(atbeginning)—“un-”in“unable”2.suffixes(atend)—“-ed”in“walked”3.circumfixes(atbothends)—“en—en”in“enlighten”(Thesealwaysseemtoconsistofotherwiseattestedindependentprefixesandsuffixes.)用心爱心专心
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