Module3TheQinTombandtheTerracottaWarriorsPartTwo:TeachingResources第二部分:教学资源Section2:Backgroundinformation1.EmperorQinShihuang-TheFirstEmperorinChineseHistoryManyimportantmenhavecrossedtheChinesehistoricalstageduringthelast5,000years.OneofthemostimportantwastobeknownlaterasEmperorQinShihuang,thefirstemperorinChinesehistory.BornthesonofKingZhangXiang,theKingofQin,Inthefirstmonthofthelunaryearin259BC,hewasfirstnamedZhaoZhengandlaterhisnamewaschangedtoYingZheng.YingZheng’smotherwasabeautifulconcubineofLvBuwei,themerchantwhothekinghadmetwhilehewashostageinthenearbyStateofZhao,priortoascendingthethrone.In247BC,whenYingZhengwasonly13yearsold,hisfatherdiedandheascendedthethroneastheKingofQin.BeingtooyoungtohandletheaffairsoftheState,LvBuweiservedashisregentandtheprimeMinster,togetherwithYingZheng'smother,theQueen,administeredtheStateofQin.Attheageof22,Yingzhengtookoverthereignsofthegovernmenthimself.Thefirstdecisionthathemadewastoputdownarebellion,whichwasledbyLaoAi,aservantwhohadbecomeintimatewiththeQueen.Thefollowingyear,theyoungkingremovedhisformerregent.LvBuweiandexiledhimtoSiChuanwherehelatercommittedsuicide.Havingallofhisowncivilaffairsinorder.thekingbeganthetaskofconqueringthesixotherstates.Beginningin230BC,theKingofQi,Chu,Yan,Han,ZhaoandWei.Finally,in221BC,theKingofQinachievedhisVictoryandunifiedtheQinEmpire.Histerritoryextendedfromtheseainthesouthandeast,LinTaoInthewestandfinallytoMountYinandtheareaofLiaoDonginthenorth.Itwasatthistime,attheageof39thattheKingofQindeclaredhimselftobe“QinShiHuangDi”,EmperorQinShihuangthefirstemperorofQin.FeudalseparationthathadlastedsincetheSpringandAutumnPeriodshadfinallycometoanend.Inordertoconsolidatehisrule,EmperorQininstitutedaseriesofnewpolicies.ProbablyhisgreatestcontributiontothepracticeofgovernmentinChinawashisestablishmentofthecentralizedstateandabolitionofthefeudalsystem.Hedividedthecountryinto36用心爱心专心prefecturesthatwerefurtherbrokendownintocounties,townships,“Tings”and“Lis”.Heappointedtwelveministerswhohelpedhimmakedecisionsonstateaffairs.Byappointingtheministersdirectly,EmperorQinhadallthepowersoftheStateinhishands.Tofurtherunifythecountry,EmperorQinstandardizedthesystemofweightandmeasures,handwritingintosmallSealScriptandthenwentontoregulatethewidthofcarriageaxlestosixfeet.Allthesemeasureshelpedtoestablishahighcentralizationofpolitics,economy,militaryaffairsandculture.Inafurtherattempttocontrolandprotecthisideologicalpolicies,EmperorQindestroyedmanyancientrecordsandburnedConfucianscholarstobekilledbytheWeiRiverandanother700scholarsburiedaliveatthefootofMountLi.Inordertohavethesocialsituationundercontrol,hespentalotoftimereadingreportsfromallpartsofthecountry.Heevenhadthedocumentsweighed(Writingswereinscribedonbambooorwoodatthattime)everymorningandnight,andwouldnotresttillacertainweighthadpassedthroughhishands.EnsuringthesecurityofhisnewempirewasamajorconcernofEmperorQin.AnimperialroadnetworkonanunprecedentedscalewasorderedtobuildandahighwaywasopenedstraightthroughCapitalXianYangtothenorthernborder.Heusedtohavehisfivetoursofinspectiononsuchanimperialroutetofar-flungcornersofhisdomain.StonememorialtabletswithinscriptionswereerectedwhereverhewentforleavingEmperor'smeritsandvirtues,orderinghispeopletoabidebythelawoftheStateofQin.UndoubtedlytheFirstEmperor'sgreatestandmostimpressiveachievementinthedefensivewa...
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