Module3InterpersonalRelationships—FriendshipPartTwo:TeachingResources第二部分：教学资源Section2:BackgroundinformationforModule3InterpersonalRelationships—Friendship1.Typesofinterpersonalrelationships●Kinshiprelationships,includingfamilyrelationships,beingrelatedtosomeoneelsebyblood(consanguinity),e.g.fatherhood,motherhood;orthroughmarriage(affinity),e.g.father-in-law,mother-in-law,unclebymarriage,auntbymarriage.●Formalizedintimaterelationshipsorlongtermrelationshipsthroughlawandpublicceremony,e.g.marriageandcivilunion.●Non-formalizedintimaterelationshipsorlongtermrelationshipssuchaslovingrelationshipsorromanticrelationshipswithorwithoutlivingtogether;theotherpersonisoftencalledlover,boyfriendorgirlfriend(nottobeconfusedwithjustamaleorfemalefriend),orsignificantother.Ifthepartnerslivetogether,therelationshipmaybesimilartomarriage,andtheotherpersonmaybecalledhusbandorwife.Overacertainlengthoftimetheyaresoregardedbycommonlaw.Mistressisasomewhatoldfashionedtermforafemaleloverofamanwhoismarriedtoanotherwoman,orofanunmarriedman.Shemayevenbeanofficialmistress(inFrenchmaîtresseentitre);anexampleisMadamedePompadour.●Soulmates,individualswhoareintimatelydrawntooneanotherthroughafavorablemeetingofthemindsandwhofindmutualacceptanceandunderstandingwithoneanother.Soulmatesmayfeelthemselvesbondedtogetherforalifetime;and,hence,theymaybesexualpartnersbutnotnecessarily.●Casualrelationships,relationshipsextendingbeyondonenightstandsthatexclusivelyconsistofsexualbehavior,theparticipantsofwhichmaybeknownasfriendswithbenefitswhenlimitedtoconsideringsexualintercourseorsexualpartnersinawidersense.●Platonicloveisanaffectionaterelationshipintowhichthesexualelementdoesnotenter,especiallyincaseswhereonemighteasilyassumeotherwise.●Friendship,whichconsistsofmutuallove,trust,respect,andunconditionalacceptance,andusuallyimpliesthediscoveryorestablishmentofcommongroundbetweentheindividualsinvolved;seealsointernetfriendshipandpenpal.●Brotherhoodandsisterhood,individualsunitedinacommoncauseorhavingacommoninterest,whichmayinvolveformalmembershipinaclub,organization,association,society,lodge,sorority,fraternity.Thistypeofinterpersonalrelationshipalsoincludesthecomradeshipoffellowsoldiersinpeaceorwar.●Partnersorcoworkersinaprofession,business,oracommonworkplace.●Acquaintanceship,simplybeingintroducedtosomeoneorknowingwhotheyarebyinteraction.用心爱心专心116号编辑2.Whatisfriendship?Friendshipisahumanrelationshipwhichinvolvesmutualknowledge,esteem,andaffection.Friendswillwelcomeeachother'scompanyandexhibitloyaltytowardseachother,oftentothepointofputtingtheother'sinterestsbeforeone'sown.Theirtasteswillbesimilarandmayconverge,andtheywillshareenjoyableactivities.Theywillalsoengageinmutuallyhelpingbehavior,suchasexchangeofadviceandthesharingofhardship.Afriendissomeonewhomayoftendemonstratereciprocatingandreflectivebehaviors.Valuethatisfoundinfriendshipsareoftentheresultofafrienddemonstratingonaconsistentbasis＊thetendencytodesirewhatisbestforyou.＊sympathyandempathy＊honesty,perhapsinsituationswhereitmaybedifficultforotherstospeakthetruth＊mutualunderstandingItisoftenconsideredthatatruefriendiscapableofdeepfeelings,whichmaybeunexpressible,exceptintimesofgreattrouble,whentheycometoyouraid.Inacomparisonofpersonalrelationships,friendshipisconsideredtobecloserthanacquaintanceship,althoughthereisarangeofdegreesofintimacyinbothfriendshipsandacquaintances.Formanypeople,friendshipandacquaintanceshipliealongthesamecontinuum.Theprincipaldisciplinesstudyingfriendshiparesociology,anthropologyandzoology.Varioustheoriesoffriendshiphavebeenproposed,amongwhicharesocialpsychology,socialexchangetheory,equitytheory,relationaldialectics,andattachmentstyles.用心爱心专心116号编辑
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