Unit3ThemeaningofcolourGrammarandusageStep1:GeneralintroductionThegrammaritemsinthisunitdealwithapposition.Youwilllearnwhatappositionsareandhowtoformappositionsinsentences.Youareexpectedtoapplywhatyouhavelearntinpracticaluse.Step2:Explanationandpractice:Definition:aconstructioninwhichanounornounphraseisplacedwithanotherasanexplanatoryequivalent,bothhavingthesamesyntacticrelationtotheotherelementsinthesentence.1.Whentwonounphrasescomeoneaftertheotherinasentenceandbothrefertothesamething,thesenounsphrasesareinapposition.Examples;1).TheFrenchflag,the‘Tricolore’,wasfirstusedin1789,atthestartoftheFrenchRevolution.(TheFrenchflagandthe‘Tricolore’areinappositionastheyrefertothesamething)2).TheUSAwasalsobornfromrevolution,anditsflag,‘StarsandStripes’,symbolizesthis.(itsflagand‘StarsandStripes’areinappositionastheyrefertothesamething.)3).MrLi,myuncle,willbeofftoLondonnextmonth.(Mr.Liandmyuncleareinappositionastheyrefertothesameperson.)4).Thisfilm,Thepromise,hasbeenverypopularrecently.(ThisfilmandThepromiseinappositionastheyrefertothesamething.)2.Whenuseacommabeforeandafterthesecondphrasewhenitaddsmoreinformation.Theflag,asimpledesignofredoverwhite,hasalonghistorythatdatesbacktothe13thcentury.3.Wedonotuseacommabeforeandafterthesecondphrasewhenitexplainswhatthefirstoneis.Thecolorsred,whiteandblueusedontheflagareavisualreminderofthemottooftheRevolution—liberty,equalityandfraternity.4.Wesometimesuseappositiontoemphasizeourideas.Weloveourflag,ouruniqueflag.Tomismyfriend,myclosestfriend.5.Anounclauseafteranouncanalsobeaformofanapposition.Examples:1).ThenewsthatFrancehadasuccessfulrevolutionhadabigeffectonothercountries,particularlythoseinEurope.2).Thefactthatsomecountriesusethesamecolorsontheflagscanmeantheysharesimilarbeliefs.3).Wecanuseappositiontojointwosentencestogether.4).Theteamhaswonthegame.Everyoneinthecityisexcitedbythenews.5).Everyoneinthecityisexcitedbythenewsthattheteamhaswonthe用心爱心专心game.6).Themonitordidn’ttellusthetruththatourfootballteamwonthefirstprizeinthematch.7).Wehavegottheinformationthatallthestudentswillhavetopasstheoraltestbeforetheycangoinforthecompetition.6.Othernounsthatcanbeusedbeforethenounclausesinappositioninclude:TruthideahopeinformationManypeopleareunawareofthetruththattheUSAwascolonizedbyBritain.Theideathatredrepresentsbraveryandbloodiswidelybelieved.IamreadingthisbookinthehopethatIcanlearnmoreaboutnation.Didhegiveyoutheinformationthatthemeaningofdifferentflagsshouldbeexplainedinyourreport?7.Exercise:findouttheappositiveinthefollowingsentences:1).Yourbrother,aproudandunbendingman,refusedallhelpthatwasofferedhim.2).Churchill,Britain’sprimeministerduringtheSecondWorldWar,diedin1965.3).Playingfootball,hisonlyinterestinlife,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.4).Onlyoneproblemstillremains—thestorageofthegrain.5).Myfatherwillgoandseeithimself.6).Myfriendsallunderstandme.7).Thequestionwhoshouldattendthemeetinghasnotyetbeensteeled.8).Shelikedherjob,teachingEnglish.9).Lucy,inheryouthatalentedmusician,stillgivesconcertseverynowandthen.10).NothingistoohardforusChinesepeople.Answers:1.aproudandunbendingman2.Britain’sprimeministerduringtheSecondWorldWar3.hisonlyinterestinlife4.thestorageofthegrain5.himself6.all7.whoshouldattendthemeeting8.teachingEnglish9.atalentedmusician10.Chinese8.ReadthepassageaboutBritishtraditionsinPartAonpage41andfindoutallthephrases...
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