专题限时训练(二十二)[史地自然型阅读理解](限时：25分钟)(一)ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru'sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.Forthousandsofyears，PolynesianpeoplelivedintheremoteislandofNauru，farfromwesterncivilization.ThefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFearnin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter,awhalingship.HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.However,becauseitwasveryremote,NauruhadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thewhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisit，bringinggunsandalcohol.Theseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsontheisland.Atenyearcivilwarstarted，whichreducedthepopulationfrom1，400to900.Nauru'srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingcompanydiscoveredphosphate(磷酸盐)ontheisland.Infact，itfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphate，whichwasaveryimportantfertilizerforfarming.Thecompanybeganminingthephosphate.Aphosphateminewasnotaholeintheground；itwasastripmine.Whenacompanystripmined，itremovedthetoplayerofsoil.Thenittookawaythematerialitwanted.Stripminingtotallydestroyedtheland.Gradually,thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon.In1968，Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Everyyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsandmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphate.Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition，theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000，Nauruwasfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433，600，000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.1．Whatmightbetheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．ToseekhelpforNauru'sproblems.B．Togiveawarningtoothercountries.C．Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.D．Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.2．WhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?A．Richandpowerful.B．Modernandopen.C．Peacefulandattractive.D．Greedyandaggressive.3．TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom________．A．soilpollutionB．phosphateoverminingC．farmingactivityD．whalehunting4．WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru'sfinancialproblem?A．Itsleadersmisusedthemoney.B．Itspenttoomuchrepairingtheisland.C．Itsphosphateminingcostmuchmoney.D．Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.5．WhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?A．Theecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.B．Theleaderswilltaketheexperts'wordsseriously.C．TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruans.D．Thephosphateminesweredestroyed.(二)Ifyouareafraidofthedark，it'snotabigdeal.It'sperfectlynormaltofeelafraid.Afterall，animalsdo，too.“Fearmatters，”saysKarenWarkentin，anecologist.“It'sagoodthing，”sheadds,“becausefearmakesyoudothingsthatkeepyoualive.”Likekids，manyanimalsexperiencefearandtheyrespondtothefeelinginvarietyofways.Afrightenedturtlepullsitsheadandlegsinsideitsshell.Asmallfishwillswimawaywhenabig，hungryfishapproaches.Someanimalsrespondtofearinwaysyoumightnotexpect.Thefirstexampleisthatthefearofbeingeatencanscaresomefrogsrightoutoftheireggs.WarkentinmadethesurprisingdiscoverywhilestudyingredeyedtreefrogsinCostaRica.Inthisspecies，femalefrogsattachjellylikeclumps(果冻一样的块状物)oftheireggstotheundersidesofleaves.Theleaveshangonbranchesthatdangle(悬挂)overpo...
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