第三天：段落展开九法确定了段落中心思想,完成了段落的主题句,设计好段落的扩展句之后，需要考虑的是怎样合理、有效地安排句子，组成条理清晰、结构严谨的段落。展开段落的方法有很多，常用的有：时间顺序法、空间顺序法、列举法、举例法、对比法、定义法、因果法、分类法、综合法等。在今天和明天的课程中我们就来详细地学习。一、时间法在叙述一个故事或者一系列事件时，通常按事件发生的先后顺序排列句子。在说明文中叙述一件事应该遵循的程序或步骤时，也常用时间顺序法。看下面的例子：Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情。Afterlunch,whiletheothergirlsweresunbathing,PatandIreturnedtothewater.Sooncrampsspreadfrommystomachtomylegs.Immobilizedbypainandfear,Iyelledforhelp.MyfriendthoughtIwasjoking:sosheignoredme.However,SisterTheresacametomyrescuewhenshenoticedmyplight.Shepulledmeoutofthewaterandadministeredresuscitation.Whenregainingconsciousness,IrealizedhowcloseIhadcometodeath.Myexperiencewithneardeathremindsmeeverydayhowcloseweallaretodeathinourdailylives.在这个段落里，作者用了afterlunch;while...;soon;when...等时间连接语按时间的先后顺序记叙了一件发生在午饭后的事。Therearefourseparatestagesinmakingbread.Thefirststagebeginsbymixingyeastwithwarmwater.Thismixtureisthenaddedtohalftheamountofflour.Theresultantbattermixtureisthenleftforanhour.Atthenextstagetherestoftheflourisaddedtotherisenbattermixture,alongwithsaltandoil.Themainstepinthesecondstageisathoroughkneadingofthedough,afterwhichitislefttorise.Thethirdstageinvolvesshapingthedoughintoloaves;theshapedloavesarethenputintobreadtinsandleftto‘prove’(rise).Inthefinalstagethebreadiscookedinahotoven.Thewholeprocessofbreadmakingfinisheswhenthebreadistakenfromtheovenandlefttocoolonwireracks.这个段落采用时间顺序法描述了做面包的的过程。作者用了Thefirststagebeginsby...,Atthenextstage...,Thethirdstageinvolves...和Inthefinalstage...等连贯性词语详细地按照先后顺序介绍了四个步骤。二、空间法空间顺序指按物体的空间位置（自左至右，由近到远，由上至下，由下到上，由里到外，由外到里，由中间到两边等顺序）来展开段落。如：Theroomwasdisgusting.Bythefarwindowwasatrashcanpiledhighwithcrumpledpapers.Inthemiddleoftheroomwasagaudy,roundsizebedlitteredwithrottingfruitpeels.Thepathbetweenthebedandthedoorway,whereIwasstanding,waschokedoffbyheapsofdirtyclothesandoldnewspapers.这个段落以空间顺序法描写了一个房间。先从描述远处的窗子开始，接着是房间中央，最后到作者所站的地方，由远到近地将房间里的一切描绘了出来。GreatBritainisanislandthatliesoffthenorthwestcoastofEurope.ThenearestcountryisFrancewhichis20milesawayfromwhichGreatBritainisseparatedbytheEnglishChannel.TheislandissurroundedbytheAtlanticOceantothewest,andtheNorthSeatotheeast.ItcomprisesthemainlandofEngland,WalesandScotland.ScotlandisintheNorth,whileWalesisinthewest.Ireland,whichisalsoanisland,liesoffthewestcoastofGreatBritain.ItconsistsofNorthernIrelandandtheIrishRepublic.GreatBritaintogetherwithNorthernIrelandconstitutestheUnitedKingdom.Thus,theUnitedKingdomiscomposedoffourparts.ThelargestoftheseisEnglandwhichisdividedinto43administrativecounties.ThecapitalcityisLondonwhichissituatedinsoutheastEngland.这个段落主要是采用由外到里的空间顺序法进行描写的。先从外围描述大不列颠的地理位置，接着从内部仔细介绍它的各个组成部分——英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士的相对位置，同时描述了爱尔兰岛的相对位置，最后作者又特意指出英国首府伦敦的地理位置。三、列举法列举法是通过列举具体的细节来进一步说明主题句所表达的主导思想，展开段落。列举法如果使用得当，能增...
