一．句子成分①句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（subjectgroup）谓语部分（predicategroup）②句子成分（1）S---subject主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词或从句担任,常置于句首。Ilikefootball.Theboyneedsapen.（2）V——VerbINO=IndirectObject(间接宾语);DO=DirectObject(直接宾语);谓语动词：说明主语的动作或状态。由动词担任。常置于主语后。Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Iwantaticket.（3）O---object宾语：表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。Hewonthegame.OnthedeskTomelosthislifeinthebigfire.（4）P---predicative表语1、用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。Heisastudent.2、除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词:feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。2)表转变变化的动词:become,get,grow,turn,go,等3)表延续的动词remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等。（5）Attri.---attribute定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘⋯⋯的’表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。Theblackbikeismine.说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anything,everything,something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语我告诉他一些有趣的事情。Itellhimsomethinginteresting.2：不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。TheboysintheroomareinClassTen.(6)Adv.---adverb状语：用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。(7)Oc---objectcomplement宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。Theymadehimking.Iconsiderthebooktooexpensive.Iamverysorry.Weoftenhelphim.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（从句作时间状语)练习一1．句子成分判断：A.指出下列句中主语的中心词1）Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.2）Thereisanoldmancominghere.3）Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.B.选出句中谓语的中心词1）Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall2）Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer3）Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus4）Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon5）Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfastC.挑出下列句中的宾语1）Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.ABCD2）PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.ABCD3）Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.ABCD4）Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?ABCD5）Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.ABCDD.挑出下列句中的宾语补足语1）Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.ABCD2）Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.ABCD3）Shefounditdifficulttodothework.ABCD4）TheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCD5）DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?ABCD2.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语1)）Pleasetellusastory.2）Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.3）Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.4）Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.5）Didheleaveanymessageforme.二、句子类型（1）简单句的五种基本句型1、S(主）+Vi（不及物动词）（谓语）——→主谓结构:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。例如：Timeflies.1）S+V+副词（状语）例如：Birdssingbeautifully.2）S+Vi+介词短语（状语...
