葡萄球菌的快速检测方法研究摘要金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)在1884年首次被发现，Rosenbach在固体培养基上培养出葡萄球菌，并在同年记录了它能引起食物中毒。1930年，研究人员又明确指出金黄色葡萄球菌引起食物中毒与其产生的肠毒素有关，据估计，进食者摄入约100ng的肠毒素A即可出现中毒症状。典型的金黄色葡萄球菌呈球型，直径为0.8μm左右，显微镜下排列成葡萄串状，无芽胞、鞭毛，大多数也无荚膜，属于革兰氏阳性细菌。目前，随着国际食品贸易不断发展，食品中致病微生物检测方法的研究也在不断向前发展，除了传统的培养方法之外，近年来，人们采用免疫学、生物化学和分子生物学等先进技术进行了食品中致病微生物快速检测方法的研究。对于金黄色葡萄球菌也不例外，传统的检测方法主要采用细菌分离培养及生化鉴别，免疫学方法(如:酶联免疫、免疫转印、乳胶凝集等方法)因其快速、操作简便，逐步应用于食品卫生检测。但新的分子生物学技术已显示出其在食品卫生检测方面的独特优势。本文主要针对这四种快速检测方法展开一系列地研究。关键词：食品；金黄色葡萄球菌；快速检测方法MethodsoftherapiddetectionofStaphylococcusaureusABSTRACTStaphylococcusaureus(Staphylococcusaureus)wasfirstdiscoveredin1884，RosenbachinthesolidculturemediumStaphylococcus，andinthesameyearrecordeditcancausefoodpoisoning.In1930，theresearcherspointedoutthatduetoStaphylococcusaureusenterotoxinfoodpoisoninganditsproducing，accordingtoestimates，foodintakeofabout100ngenterotoxinAcanappearpoisoningsymptoms.TypicalS.aureusisballshape，diameterofabout0.8μm，microscopearrangedthyrsoid，nonsporeforming，flagella，mostnoncapsule，belongingtothegrampositivebacteria.Atpresent，withthecontinuousdevelopmentofinternationalfoodtrade，pathogenicmicroorganismdetectionmethodsinfoodisalsoinconstantdevelopment，inaddition，traditionaltrainingmethodsinrecentyears，peopleadoptadvancedtechnologyinimmunology，biochemistryandmolecularbiologywerestudiedfortherapiddetectionofpathogenicmicroorganisminfood.ThereisnoexceptionforStaphylococcusaureus，traditionaldetectionmethodsofbacterialisolationcultureandidentificationofthebiochemical，immunologicalmethods(suchas:ELISA，Westernblot，latexagglutinationmethodetc.)becauseofitsfast，simpleoperation，andgraduallyappliedtothedetectionoffoodhygiene.Butthenewtechniquesofmolecularbiologyhasshownitsuniqueadvantagesintheaspectsoffoodhygienedetection.Thispapermainlylaunchesaseriesofstudiesonthefourkindsofrapiddetectionmethods.KeyWords:food，Staphylococcusaureus，rapiddetectionmethod目录摘要............................................................................................................1第1章绪论..................................................................................................21.1研究背景..............................................................................................21.2研究意义..............................................................................................31.3研究内容..............................................................................................31.4研究方法..............................................................................................3第2章金黄色葡萄球菌简介.......................................................................52.1金黄色葡萄球菌生物学特征................................................................52.2金黄色葡萄球菌的致病性....................................................................52.3金黄色葡萄球菌的流行病学.........................................
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