第2讲虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用1.if虚拟条件句从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式(be动词用were)主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizethechancetogoabroad.如果我是你,我就抓住这次出国的机会。与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexams.如果你听了我的建议,你就不会在考试中失败了。与将来事实相反的假设1.If+主语+动词的过去式2.If+主语+wereto+动词原形3.If+主语+should+动词原形主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,wewouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.如果明天他不来,我们就把会议推迟到下周一。2.错综时间条件句当条件句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称作“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你以前用功学习了的话,你现在就是一名大学生了。3.含蓄条件句用介词(短语)代替条件状语从句,常用的介词(短语)有without,butfor,butthat,otherwise,or,but等。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldnothavesucceeded.没有你的帮助,我们不可能取得成功。Butforelectricity,therewouldbenomodernindustry.要是没有电,就没有现代工业。Hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedtheparty.他昨天太累了,否则他会参加派对的。4.“要不是因为……”的句型(1)Ifitwerenotfor...,Iwould/could/should/mightdo...要不是因为……,我现在就……(对现在的虚拟)。(2)Ifithadnotbeenfor...,Iwould/could/should/mighthavedone...要不是因为……,我当时就……(对过去的虚拟)。Ifitwerenotforfreetickets,Iwouldnotgotothecinemasofrequently.要不是因为免费的电影票,我不会那么频繁地去看电影。Ifithadnotbeenforyourtimelyassistanceingivingmefirstaid,theconsequencesmighthavebeenmuchserious.如果当时在对我急救的过程中没有你的及时帮助,后果也许是非常严重的。5.if省略句(1)当if引导的虚拟条件句中的谓语动词含有had,should,were时,可将if省略,而将had,should,were置于句首,采用倒装结构。Ifyouhadlefthomeearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.=Hadyoulefthomeearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.如果你早点从家中出门,你就能赶上汽车了。(2)若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,不能用谓语动词的省略形式。Wereitnotfortheexpenses,Iwouldgoabroadnow.要不是考虑到花销,我现在可能都出国了。(不能说Weren’titfortheexpenses,Iwouldgoabroadnow.)二、虚拟语气在从句中的应用1.demand,suggest,order,insist等表命令、建议、要求后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”;wish后的宾语从句中分别用过去式、过去完成式和“could/would+动词原形”表示与现在、过去和将来的情况相反。WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.我们建议汤姆去休息一下。IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一样高。Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.他希望他没讲过那样的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨。2.在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat...;Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat...等从句中,谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.掌握一门外语很重要。It’ssuggestedthattheplan(should)becarriedout.人们建议执行这个计划。3.在idea,advice,order,demand,request,suggestion,desire等表命令、建议、要求的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中,其谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。Mydemandisthatshe(should)cometoseemeonceaweek.我要求她一周来看我一次。Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory(should)becloseddown.我们都支持关闭这家化工厂的建议。4.在asif从句中,常用虚拟形式,即表示与现在事实相反时,用过去式;与过去事...