第二节方法运用于命题阅读理解的常考命题1.细节理解题细节理解题在高考英语阅读理解试题中所占比例最大,但这部分题目相对来说比较简单,只要通过题干的关键词,在文中找到题目的相关信息,仔细对比,就能得出答案。其正确选项特征为:同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等。其干扰项特征为:张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非等。2.词义猜测题高考阅读理解试题中对于词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大。词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力,考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力,而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。要做好该类试题需要:利用上下文线索猜测词义(重述、定义、举例、同义词或近义词、反义词等);根据语法知识猜测词义;根据上下文逻辑猜测词义;根据构词法猜测词义;根据常识或背景知识猜测词义等。3.推理判断题推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思,通过逻辑关系,研究细节,推敲作者的态度,理解文章寓意的能力。推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话,甚至是文章或段落的主题,弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键。其正确选项特征为:立足原文,只推一步;一般不可出现绝对概念。其干扰选项特征为:曲解文意、张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、无中生有、鱼目混珠、扩缩范围等。4.主旨大意题主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力,以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。其正确选项特征为:涵盖性强,覆盖全文或全段;确定的范围恰当,既不太大,也不太小;精确性强,不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。其干扰选项特征为:过于笼统,不知所云;以偏概全,主次不分;移花接木,偷换概念;无中生有,生搬硬套等。注意解答各类命题时往往是多法并举,而不是一种方法解决一种题。(2017·天津,B)Fifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic(全景的)viewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustonepictureofthelandscape?Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn’twanttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethephotoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured(捕捉)andfrozenonsomestranger’sbedroomwall?Abedroom,afterall,isaveryprivatespace,inwhichsomewomanIdon’tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized(使……永存).Insomeways,shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapsweallliveineachothers’spaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.Thatphotoisareminder,acapturedmoment,anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen,separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者主要讲述了自己十五年前暑假时在意大利南部城市莱切观光时的一次经历:作者拍风景时一位陌生的女士进入了作者的镜头。这张照片让作者联想到很多事情并引发了作者对人生的深层感悟。41.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto?A...