河南科技大学阶段论文题目＿信用证软条款及其风险防范探析＿＿姓名＿＿＿贾高进＿＿＿＿＿院（系）＿＿＿经济学院＿＿＿＿＿专业班级＿＿国贸072＿＿＿＿＿＿指导教师＿＿吴松岭＿＿＿＿＿＿2010年7月6日信用证软条款及其风险防范探析摘要信用证的产生是国际贸易支付方式的一次重要变革，这种支付方式首次使不在交货现场的买卖双方在履行合同时处于同等地位，在一定程度上使他们重新找回了"一手交钱，一手交货"的现场交易所具有的安全感，解决了双方互不信任的矛盾。信用证的这一优越性已使其成为当今国际贸易中最为重要的支付方式，极大地促进了国际贸易的发展。然而信用证的独立性原则以及相关立法不完善，使得信用证在使用过程中不可避免的会出现许多问题，其中“软条款”问题尤为典型。信用证中的软条款常常使得受益人无法依据信用证规定交付单据，获得货款。信用证软条款的存在，损害了信用证受益人的合法权益，严重影响了信用证在国际贸易结算中的地位和作用。本文基于大量研究与案例，通过对信用证软条款的产生原因，内在性质以及表现形式的深入分析，对信用证软条款所涉及的内容进行全面把握，力图寻求一些行之有效的方法来规避软条款带来的风险，同时希望在此研究基础之上能提出一些建议，来弥补信用证这方面的缺陷。另外，在一定程度上也是为了呼吁国际商会能与世界各国一道，通过协商，能够赋予信用证一定的法律效力，进一步巩固和提升信用证在国际贸易中地位。关键词：软条款信用证欺诈防范识别THERESEARCHONRISKESOFSOFTCLAUSESANDPROVENTIONTHEREOFABSTRACTThegenerationofL/Cisaveryimportantinnovationinthepaymentofinterationaltrade.Thiskindofpaymentplacebothofsellerandbuyerintheequalposition,whichmadethemfindthesenseofsafetyjustlikeafacetofacetrade,anddealwithsuccessfullythecontradictionofmutual-distrust.TheadvantageofL/Chasmadeitbecomethemostimportantpaymentintheinternationaltradenowdays,andeffectivelypromotethedevelopmentofinternational.However,theprincipleofindependenceofL/CandtheincompletenessofreleventlegislationcauseslotsoftroubleswhenuseL/C,andthesoftclauseisaremarkableexample.ThesoftclausesinL/CoftenmakebeneficiaryfailtosubmitbillsaccordingtotheprovisionsofL/C,thenleadtolosethepaymentforgoods.Theexistenceofsoftclausesunderminebeneficiary’slegalbenefit,anditalsoinfluencethepositionandfunctionofL/Cintheinternationalsettlement.Thisarticleisbasedonlotsofresearchesandcases,throughdeeplyanalysingtothereasonsofgenerationofsoftclausesanditsinternalessence,atsametime,thisthesishasacomprehensiveunderstandingtotheproblemsinvolvedinsoftclausessothatIcouldfindsomesolutionsotavoidtherisksbroughtbysoftclauses.IntheendofthisarticleIgivesomesuggestionsinthehopethattheycouldmakesomehelptoimprovethefunctionofL/C.Ontheotherhand,IwanttocallonICCandthenationsinthisworldcouldmakejiontefforttoendowL/Cwithsomelegalforce,whichwillbehelpfultoconsolidateandimprovethestatusofL/Cintheinternationaltrade.KEYWORDS:softclause,LetterofCredit,fraud,prevention,identify目录前言··············································································································1一、信用证软条款的基本概念··············································································2二、信用证软条款产生的背景及原因分析·······························································2（一）信用证软条款产生的背景····················...
